我需要在用户登录后为每个后续请求设置一些授权头。
为特定请求设置头信息,
import {Headers} from 'angular2/http';
var headers = new Headers();
headers.append(headerName, value);
// HTTP POST using these headers
this.http.post(url, data, {
headers: headers
})
// do something with the response
参考
但是,以这种方式为每个请求手动设置请求头是不可行的。
我如何设置头设置一旦用户登录,也删除注销这些头?
我已经能够选择一个更简单的解决方案>添加一个新的头到默认选项合并或加载你的api得到(或其他)函数。
get(endpoint: string, params?: any, options?: RequestOptions) {
if (!options) {
options = new RequestOptions();
options.headers = new Headers( { "Accept": "application/json" } ); <<<<
}
// [...]
}
当然,你可以在默认选项或类中具体化这个头。
这是Ionic生成的api。ts @Injectable()导出类API {}
这是非常快的,它为我工作。我不想要json/ld格式。
为了回答你的问题,你可以提供一个服务来包装Angular的原始Http对象。如下所述。
import {Injectable} from '@angular/core';
import {Http, Headers} from '@angular/http';
@Injectable()
export class HttpClient {
constructor(private http: Http) {}
createAuthorizationHeader(headers: Headers) {
headers.append('Authorization', 'Basic ' +
btoa('username:password'));
}
get(url) {
let headers = new Headers();
this.createAuthorizationHeader(headers);
return this.http.get(url, {
headers: headers
});
}
post(url, data) {
let headers = new Headers();
this.createAuthorizationHeader(headers);
return this.http.post(url, data, {
headers: headers
});
}
}
而不是注入Http对象,你可以注入这个对象(HttpClient)。
import { HttpClient } from './http-client';
export class MyComponent {
// Notice we inject "our" HttpClient here, naming it Http so it's easier
constructor(http: HttpClient) {
this.http = httpClient;
}
handleSomething() {
this.http.post(url, data).subscribe(result => {
// console.log( result );
});
}
}
我还认为可以通过提供自己的类来扩展Http类,从而为Http类使用多个提供者……请看这个链接:http://blog.thoughtram.io/angular2/2015/11/23/multi-providers-in-angular-2.html。
以下是已接受答案的改进版本,针对Angular2 final进行了更新:
import {Injectable} from "@angular/core";
import {Http, Headers, Response, Request, BaseRequestOptions, RequestMethod} from "@angular/http";
import {I18nService} from "../lang-picker/i18n.service";
import {Observable} from "rxjs";
@Injectable()
export class HttpClient {
constructor(private http: Http, private i18n: I18nService ) {}
get(url:string):Observable<Response> {
return this.request(url, RequestMethod.Get);
}
post(url:string, body:any) {
return this.request(url, RequestMethod.Post, body);
}
private request(url:string, method:RequestMethod, body?:any):Observable<Response>{
let headers = new Headers();
this.createAcceptLanguageHeader(headers);
let options = new BaseRequestOptions();
options.headers = headers;
options.url = url;
options.method = method;
options.body = body;
options.withCredentials = true;
let request = new Request(options);
return this.http.request(request);
}
// set the accept-language header using the value from i18n service that holds the language currently selected by the user
private createAcceptLanguageHeader(headers:Headers) {
headers.append('Accept-Language', this.i18n.getCurrentLang());
}
}
当然,如果需要的话,它应该扩展为delete和put等方法(在我的项目中,目前还不需要它们)。
优点是在get/post/…中有较少的重复代码。方法。
注意,在我的例子中,我使用cookie进行身份验证。我需要i18n的报头(Accept-Language报头),因为我们的API返回的许多值都是用用户的语言翻译的。在我的应用程序中,i18n服务保存用户当前选择的语言。
从Angular 4.3开始,HTTP拦截器现在可以通过新的HttpClient @angular/common/ HTTP使用了。X版本及更高版本。
现在为每个请求添加头文件非常简单:
import {
HttpEvent,
HttpInterceptor,
HttpHandler,
HttpRequest,
} from '@angular/common/http';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs';
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
@Injectable()
export class AddHeaderInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor {
intercept(req: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {
// Clone the request to add the new header
const clonedRequest = req.clone({ headers: req.headers.append('Authorization', 'Bearer 123') });
// Pass the cloned request instead of the original request to the next handle
return next.handle(clonedRequest);
}
}
有一个不可变性的原则,这就是为什么在设置新内容之前需要克隆请求。
由于编辑头部是一个非常常见的任务,实际上有一个快捷方式(在克隆请求时):
const clonedRequest = req.clone({ setHeaders: { Authorization: 'Bearer 123' } });
创建拦截器之后,你应该使用HTTP_INTERCEPTORS提供的方法注册它。
import { HTTP_INTERCEPTORS } from '@angular/common/http';
@NgModule({
providers: [{
provide: HTTP_INTERCEPTORS,
useClass: AddHeaderInterceptor,
multi: true,
}],
})
export class AppModule {}
像下面这样保持独立的服务怎么样
import {Injectable} from '@angular/core';
import {Headers, Http, RequestOptions} from '@angular/http';
@Injectable()
export class HttpClientService extends RequestOptions {
constructor(private requestOptionArgs:RequestOptions) {
super();
}
addHeader(headerName: string, headerValue: string ){
(this.requestOptionArgs.headers as Headers).set(headerName, headerValue);
}
}
当你从另一个地方调用这个时,使用this. httpclientservice。addHeader("Authorization", " holder " + this.tok);
您将看到添加的标题,例如:-授权如下