一直困扰我的是,在Java中复制文件的唯一方法包括打开流,声明缓冲区,读入一个文件,循环遍历它,并将其写入到另一个steam。网络上充斥着类似的,但仍然略有不同的这类解决方案的实现。
是否有一种更好的方法能够保持在Java语言的范围内(即不涉及执行特定于操作系统的命令)?也许在一些可靠的开源实用程序包中,它至少会模糊这个底层实现,并提供一行解决方案?
一直困扰我的是,在Java中复制文件的唯一方法包括打开流,声明缓冲区,读入一个文件,循环遍历它,并将其写入到另一个steam。网络上充斥着类似的,但仍然略有不同的这类解决方案的实现。
是否有一种更好的方法能够保持在Java语言的范围内(即不涉及执行特定于操作系统的命令)?也许在一些可靠的开源实用程序包中,它至少会模糊这个底层实现,并提供一行解决方案?
当前回答
这些方法是经过性能设计的(它们与操作系统本机I/O集成)。 这些方法适用于文件、目录和链接。 提供的每个选项都可以省略——它们是可选的。
实用工具类
package com.yourcompany.nio;
class Files {
static int copyRecursive(Path source, Path target, boolean prompt, CopyOptions options...) {
CopyVisitor copyVisitor = new CopyVisitor(source, target, options).copy();
EnumSet<FileVisitOption> fileVisitOpts;
if (Arrays.toList(options).contains(java.nio.file.LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS) {
fileVisitOpts = EnumSet.noneOf(FileVisitOption.class)
} else {
fileVisitOpts = EnumSet.of(FileVisitOption.FOLLOW_LINKS);
}
Files.walkFileTree(source[i], fileVisitOpts, Integer.MAX_VALUE, copyVisitor);
}
private class CopyVisitor implements FileVisitor<Path> {
final Path source;
final Path target;
final CopyOptions[] options;
CopyVisitor(Path source, Path target, CopyOptions options...) {
this.source = source; this.target = target; this.options = options;
};
@Override
FileVisitResult preVisitDirectory(Path dir, BasicFileAttributes attrs) {
// before visiting entries in a directory we copy the directory
// (okay if directory already exists).
Path newdir = target.resolve(source.relativize(dir));
try {
Files.copy(dir, newdir, options);
} catch (FileAlreadyExistsException x) {
// ignore
} catch (IOException x) {
System.err.format("Unable to create: %s: %s%n", newdir, x);
return SKIP_SUBTREE;
}
return CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs) {
Path newfile= target.resolve(source.relativize(file));
try {
Files.copy(file, newfile, options);
} catch (IOException x) {
System.err.format("Unable to copy: %s: %s%n", source, x);
}
return CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult postVisitDirectory(Path dir, IOException exc) {
// fix up modification time of directory when done
if (exc == null && Arrays.toList(options).contains(COPY_ATTRIBUTES)) {
Path newdir = target.resolve(source.relativize(dir));
try {
FileTime time = Files.getLastModifiedTime(dir);
Files.setLastModifiedTime(newdir, time);
} catch (IOException x) {
System.err.format("Unable to copy all attributes to: %s: %s%n", newdir, x);
}
}
return CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult visitFileFailed(Path file, IOException exc) {
if (exc instanceof FileSystemLoopException) {
System.err.println("cycle detected: " + file);
} else {
System.err.format("Unable to copy: %s: %s%n", file, exc);
}
return CONTINUE;
}
}
正在复制目录或文件
long bytes = java.nio.file.Files.copy(
new java.io.File("<filepath1>").toPath(),
new java.io.File("<filepath2>").toPath(),
java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING,
java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption.COPY_ATTRIBUTES,
java.nio.file.LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS);
移动目录或文件
long bytes = java.nio.file.Files.move(
new java.io.File("<filepath1>").toPath(),
new java.io.File("<filepath2>").toPath(),
java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption.ATOMIC_MOVE,
java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
递归复制目录或文件
long bytes = com.yourcompany.nio.Files.copyRecursive(
new java.io.File("<filepath1>").toPath(),
new java.io.File("<filepath2>").toPath(),
java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING,
java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption.COPY_ATTRIBUTES
java.nio.file.LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS );
其他回答
虽然有点晚了,但是这里比较了使用各种文件复制方法复制一个文件所花费的时间。我循环使用这些方法10次,然后取平均值。使用IO流的文件传输似乎是最糟糕的候选者:
方法如下:
private static long fileCopyUsingFileStreams(File fileToCopy, File newFile) throws IOException {
FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(fileToCopy);
FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(newFile);
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int bytesRead;
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
while ((bytesRead = input.read(buf)) > 0)
{
output.write(buf, 0, bytesRead);
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
input.close();
output.close();
return (end-start);
}
private static long fileCopyUsingNIOChannelClass(File fileToCopy, File newFile) throws IOException
{
FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(fileToCopy);
FileChannel inChannel = inputStream.getChannel();
FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(newFile);
FileChannel outChannel = outputStream.getChannel();
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
inChannel.transferTo(0, fileToCopy.length(), outChannel);
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
inputStream.close();
outputStream.close();
return (end-start);
}
private static long fileCopyUsingApacheCommons(File fileToCopy, File newFile) throws IOException
{
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
FileUtils.copyFile(fileToCopy, newFile);
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
return (end-start);
}
private static long fileCopyUsingNIOFilesClass(File fileToCopy, File newFile) throws IOException
{
Path source = Paths.get(fileToCopy.getPath());
Path destination = Paths.get(newFile.getPath());
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
Files.copy(source, destination, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
return (end-start);
}
我在使用NIO通道类时看到的唯一缺点是,我似乎仍然无法找到一种方法来显示中间文件复制进度。
要复制文件并将其保存到目标路径,您可以使用下面的方法。
public void copy(File src, File dst) throws IOException {
InputStream in = new FileInputStream(src);
try {
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(dst);
try {
// Transfer bytes from in to out
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = in.read(buf)) > 0) {
out.write(buf, 0, len);
}
} finally {
out.close();
}
} finally {
in.close();
}
}
这些方法是经过性能设计的(它们与操作系统本机I/O集成)。 这些方法适用于文件、目录和链接。 提供的每个选项都可以省略——它们是可选的。
实用工具类
package com.yourcompany.nio;
class Files {
static int copyRecursive(Path source, Path target, boolean prompt, CopyOptions options...) {
CopyVisitor copyVisitor = new CopyVisitor(source, target, options).copy();
EnumSet<FileVisitOption> fileVisitOpts;
if (Arrays.toList(options).contains(java.nio.file.LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS) {
fileVisitOpts = EnumSet.noneOf(FileVisitOption.class)
} else {
fileVisitOpts = EnumSet.of(FileVisitOption.FOLLOW_LINKS);
}
Files.walkFileTree(source[i], fileVisitOpts, Integer.MAX_VALUE, copyVisitor);
}
private class CopyVisitor implements FileVisitor<Path> {
final Path source;
final Path target;
final CopyOptions[] options;
CopyVisitor(Path source, Path target, CopyOptions options...) {
this.source = source; this.target = target; this.options = options;
};
@Override
FileVisitResult preVisitDirectory(Path dir, BasicFileAttributes attrs) {
// before visiting entries in a directory we copy the directory
// (okay if directory already exists).
Path newdir = target.resolve(source.relativize(dir));
try {
Files.copy(dir, newdir, options);
} catch (FileAlreadyExistsException x) {
// ignore
} catch (IOException x) {
System.err.format("Unable to create: %s: %s%n", newdir, x);
return SKIP_SUBTREE;
}
return CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs) {
Path newfile= target.resolve(source.relativize(file));
try {
Files.copy(file, newfile, options);
} catch (IOException x) {
System.err.format("Unable to copy: %s: %s%n", source, x);
}
return CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult postVisitDirectory(Path dir, IOException exc) {
// fix up modification time of directory when done
if (exc == null && Arrays.toList(options).contains(COPY_ATTRIBUTES)) {
Path newdir = target.resolve(source.relativize(dir));
try {
FileTime time = Files.getLastModifiedTime(dir);
Files.setLastModifiedTime(newdir, time);
} catch (IOException x) {
System.err.format("Unable to copy all attributes to: %s: %s%n", newdir, x);
}
}
return CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult visitFileFailed(Path file, IOException exc) {
if (exc instanceof FileSystemLoopException) {
System.err.println("cycle detected: " + file);
} else {
System.err.format("Unable to copy: %s: %s%n", file, exc);
}
return CONTINUE;
}
}
正在复制目录或文件
long bytes = java.nio.file.Files.copy(
new java.io.File("<filepath1>").toPath(),
new java.io.File("<filepath2>").toPath(),
java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING,
java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption.COPY_ATTRIBUTES,
java.nio.file.LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS);
移动目录或文件
long bytes = java.nio.file.Files.move(
new java.io.File("<filepath1>").toPath(),
new java.io.File("<filepath2>").toPath(),
java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption.ATOMIC_MOVE,
java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
递归复制目录或文件
long bytes = com.yourcompany.nio.Files.copyRecursive(
new java.io.File("<filepath1>").toPath(),
new java.io.File("<filepath2>").toPath(),
java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING,
java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption.COPY_ATTRIBUTES
java.nio.file.LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS );
快速和工作与所有版本的Java和Android:
private void copy(final File f1, final File f2) throws IOException {
f2.createNewFile();
final RandomAccessFile file1 = new RandomAccessFile(f1, "r");
final RandomAccessFile file2 = new RandomAccessFile(f2, "rw");
file2.getChannel().write(file1.getChannel().map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, f1.length()));
file1.close();
file2.close();
}
如果你在一个已经使用Spring的web应用程序中,如果你不想包含Apache Commons IO来进行简单的文件复制,你可以使用Spring框架的FileCopyUtils。