我一直在阅读很多关于finalize()的Java新手问题,并发现没有人真正清楚地表明finalize()是一种不可靠的清理资源的方法,这有点令人困惑。我看到有人评论说他们用它来清理连接,这真的很可怕,因为唯一接近于保证连接关闭的方法是最后实现try (catch)。
我没有学过CS,但我已经用Java专业编程近十年了,我从来没有见过有人在生产系统中实现finalize()。这并不意味着它没有用处,或者和我一起工作的人一直在做正确的事情。
所以我的问题是,实现finalize()有哪些用例不能通过语言中的另一个进程或语法更可靠地处理?
请提供具体的场景或您的经验,简单地重复Java教科书,或最终确定的预期用途是不够的,因为这不是这个问题的意图。
您可以将它用作持有外部资源(套接字、文件等)的对象的支持。实现close()方法和需要调用它的文档。
如果检测到close()没有执行,则实现finalize()来执行close()处理。可能会将一些东西转储到stderr,以指出您正在清理有错误的调用者。
它在异常/有bug的情况下提供了额外的安全性。并不是每个调用者每次都会执行正确的try {} finally{}。不幸的是,但在大多数环境中都是如此。
我同意很少有人需要它。正如评论者指出的那样,它带来了GC开销。只有当你在一个长期运行的应用程序中需要“皮带和背带裤”的安全性时才使用。
我看到从Java 9开始,Object.finalize()已弃用!它们将我们指向java.lang.ref.Cleaner和java.lang.ref.PhantomReference作为替代。
finalize()是对JVM的一个提示,建议在未指定的时间执行代码。当您希望代码莫名其妙地无法运行时,这是很好的方法。
在终结器中做任何重要的事情(基本上除了日志)在三种情况下也很好:
您希望打赌其他已完成的对象仍然处于程序其余部分认为有效的状态。
您希望向所有具有终结器的类的所有方法添加大量检查代码,以确保它们在终结后行为正确。
您希望意外地复活已完成的对象,并花费大量时间试图弄清楚为什么它们不起作用,和/或为什么它们在最终释放时没有最终完成。
If you think you need finalize(), sometimes what you really want is a phantom reference (which in the example given could hold a hard reference to a connection used by its referand, and close it after the phantom reference has been queued). This also has the property that it may mysteriously never run, but at least it can't call methods on or resurrect finalized objects. So it's just right for situations where you don't absolutely need to close that connection cleanly, but you'd quite like to, and the clients of your class can't or won't call close themselves (which is actually fair enough - what's the point of having a garbage collector at all if you design interfaces that require a specific action be taken prior to collection? That just puts us back in the days of malloc/free.)
Other times you need the resource you think you're managing to be more robust. For example, why do you need to close that connection? It must ultimately be based on some kind of I/O provided by the system (socket, file, whatever), so why can't you rely on the system to close it for you when the lowest level of resource is gced? If the server at the other end absolutely requires you to close the connection cleanly rather than just dropping the socket, then what's going to happen when someone trips over the power cable of the machine your code is running on, or the intervening network goes out?
免责声明:我以前在JVM实现上工作过。我讨厌终结者。