我一直在阅读很多关于finalize()的Java新手问题,并发现没有人真正清楚地表明finalize()是一种不可靠的清理资源的方法,这有点令人困惑。我看到有人评论说他们用它来清理连接,这真的很可怕,因为唯一接近于保证连接关闭的方法是最后实现try (catch)。
我没有学过CS,但我已经用Java专业编程近十年了,我从来没有见过有人在生产系统中实现finalize()。这并不意味着它没有用处,或者和我一起工作的人一直在做正确的事情。
所以我的问题是,实现finalize()有哪些用例不能通过语言中的另一个进程或语法更可靠地处理?
请提供具体的场景或您的经验,简单地重复Java教科书,或最终确定的预期用途是不够的,因为这不是这个问题的意图。
资源(文件,套接字,流等)需要关闭一旦我们完成他们。它们通常有close()方法,我们通常在try-catch语句的finally部分调用该方法。有时finalize()也可以被少数开发人员使用,但在我看来,这不是一种合适的方式,因为不能保证finalize总是被调用。
在Java 7中,我们有try-with-resources语句,可以这样使用:
try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(path))) {
// Processing and other logic here.
} catch (Exception e) {
// log exception
} finally {
// Just in case we need to do some stuff here.
}
在上面的例子中,try-with-resource将通过调用close()方法自动关闭资源BufferedReader。如果我们愿意,我们也可以在自己的类中实现Closeable,并以类似的方式使用它。在我看来,这似乎更整洁,更容易理解。
就我个人而言,除了在一种罕见的情况下,我几乎从不使用finalize():我创建了一个自定义泛型类型集合,并编写了一个自定义finalize()方法,它执行以下操作:
public void finalize() throws Throwable {
super.finalize();
if (destructiveFinalize) {
T item;
for (int i = 0, l = length(); i < l; i++) {
item = get(i);
if (item == null) {
continue;
}
if (item instanceof Window) {
((Window) get(i)).dispose();
}
if (item instanceof CompleteObject) {
((CompleteObject) get(i)).finalize();
}
set(i, null);
}
}
}
(CompleteObject是我做的一个接口,让你指定你已经实现了很少实现的对象方法,如#finalize(), #hashCode()和#clone()))
因此,使用姐妹方法# setdestructivelyfinalizer(布尔值),使用我的集合的程序可以(帮助)确保销毁对该集合的引用也会销毁对其内容的引用,并处理可能在无意中保持JVM活动的任何窗口。我也考虑过停止任何线程,但这打开了一个全新的蠕虫罐头。
finalize()是对JVM的一个提示,建议在未指定的时间执行代码。当您希望代码莫名其妙地无法运行时,这是很好的方法。
在终结器中做任何重要的事情(基本上除了日志)在三种情况下也很好:
您希望打赌其他已完成的对象仍然处于程序其余部分认为有效的状态。
您希望向所有具有终结器的类的所有方法添加大量检查代码,以确保它们在终结后行为正确。
您希望意外地复活已完成的对象,并花费大量时间试图弄清楚为什么它们不起作用,和/或为什么它们在最终释放时没有最终完成。
If you think you need finalize(), sometimes what you really want is a phantom reference (which in the example given could hold a hard reference to a connection used by its referand, and close it after the phantom reference has been queued). This also has the property that it may mysteriously never run, but at least it can't call methods on or resurrect finalized objects. So it's just right for situations where you don't absolutely need to close that connection cleanly, but you'd quite like to, and the clients of your class can't or won't call close themselves (which is actually fair enough - what's the point of having a garbage collector at all if you design interfaces that require a specific action be taken prior to collection? That just puts us back in the days of malloc/free.)
Other times you need the resource you think you're managing to be more robust. For example, why do you need to close that connection? It must ultimately be based on some kind of I/O provided by the system (socket, file, whatever), so why can't you rely on the system to close it for you when the lowest level of resource is gced? If the server at the other end absolutely requires you to close the connection cleanly rather than just dropping the socket, then what's going to happen when someone trips over the power cable of the machine your code is running on, or the intervening network goes out?
免责声明:我以前在JVM实现上工作过。我讨厌终结者。