下图有助于显示B+树和B树之间的区别。

B+树的优点:

Because B+ trees don't have data associated with interior nodes, more keys can fit on a page of memory. Therefore, it will require fewer cache misses in order to access data that is on a leaf node. The leaf nodes of B+ trees are linked, so doing a full scan of all objects in a tree requires just one linear pass through all the leaf nodes. A B tree, on the other hand, would require a traversal of every level in the tree. This full-tree traversal will likely involve more cache misses than the linear traversal of B+ leaves.

B树的优点:

因为B树包含每个键的数据，所以经常访问的节点可以位于更靠近根的位置，因此可以更快地访问。

The primary distinction between B-tree and B+tree is that B-tree eliminates the redundant storage of search key values.Since search keys are not repeated in the B-tree,we may not be able to store the index using fewer tree nodes than in corresponding B+tree index.However,since search key that appear in non-leaf nodes appear nowhere else in B-tree,we are forced to include an additional pointer field for each search key in a non-leaf node. Their are space advantages for B-tree, as repetition does not occur and can be used for large indices.

B+树尤其适用于基于块的存储(例如:硬盘)。考虑到这一点，你会得到几个优势，例如(从我的脑海中):

high fanout / low depth: that means you have to get less blocks to get to the data. with data intermingled with the pointers, each read gets less pointers, so you need more seeks to get to the data simple and consistent block storage: an inner node has N pointers, nothing else, a leaf node has data, nothing else. that makes it easy to parse, debug and even reconstruct. high key density means the top nodes are almost certainly on cache, in many cases all inner nodes get quickly cached, so only the data access has to go to disk.

下图有助于显示B+树和B树之间的区别。

B+树的优点:

Because B+ trees don't have data associated with interior nodes, more keys can fit on a page of memory. Therefore, it will require fewer cache misses in order to access data that is on a leaf node. The leaf nodes of B+ trees are linked, so doing a full scan of all objects in a tree requires just one linear pass through all the leaf nodes. A B tree, on the other hand, would require a traversal of every level in the tree. This full-tree traversal will likely involve more cache misses than the linear traversal of B+ leaves.

B树的优点:

因为B树包含每个键的数据，所以经常访问的节点可以位于更靠近根的位置，因此可以更快地访问。

定义“快得多”。渐近地它们是相同的。不同之处在于它们如何使用二级存储。维基百科上关于B-树和B+树的文章看起来相当可信。

由于终端节点形成了一个链表，B+树更容易进行全面扫描，而且性能更高，可以查看树索引的每一块数据。要使用B-Tree进行完整扫描，您需要进行完整的树遍历以查找所有数据。

另一方面，当您执行seek(按键查找特定数据段)时，B-Trees可以更快，特别是当树驻留在RAM或其他非块存储中时。由于可以提升树中常用的节点，因此获取数据所需的比较较少。