http://fabiorehm.com/blog/2014/09/11/running-gui-apps-with-docker/上给出的解决方案似乎是在容器内启动GUI应用程序的一种简单方法(我尝试在ubuntu 14.04上使用firefox)，但我发现需要对作者发布的解决方案进行一个小小的额外更改。

具体来说，对于运行容器，作者已经提到:

    docker run -ti --rm \
    -e DISPLAY=$DISPLAY \
    -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix \
    firefox

但我发现(根据同一网站上的一个特定评论)有两个额外的选项

    -v $HOME/.Xauthority:$HOME/.Xauthority

and

    -net=host 

需要在运行容器时指定，以便firefox正常工作:

    docker run -ti --rm \
    -e DISPLAY=$DISPLAY \
    -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix \
    -v $HOME/.Xauthority:$HOME/.Xauthority \
    -net=host \
    firefox

我已经创建了一个docker映像，其中包含该页面的信息和这些额外的发现:https://hub.docker.com/r/amanral/ubuntu-firefox/

根据Jürgen Weigert的回答，我有一些改进:

docker build -t xeyes - << __EOF__
FROM debian
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get install -qqy x11-apps
ENV DISPLAY :0
CMD xeyes
__EOF__
XSOCK=/tmp/.X11-unix
XAUTH_DIR=/tmp/.docker.xauth
XAUTH=$XAUTH_DIR/.xauth
mkdir -p $XAUTH_DIR && touch $XAUTH
xauth nlist $DISPLAY | sed -e 's/^..../ffff/' | xauth -f $XAUTH nmerge -
docker run -ti -v $XSOCK:$XSOCK -v $XAUTH_DIR:$XAUTH_DIR -e XAUTHORITY=$XAUTH xeyes

唯一的区别是它创建了一个目录$XAUTH_DIR，用于放置$XAUTH文件，并将$XAUTH_DIR目录而不是$XAUTH文件挂载到docker容器中。

这种方法的好处是你可以在/etc/rc.中写入命令在/tmp目录下创建一个名为$XAUTH_DIR的空文件夹，并将其模式更改为777。

tr '\n' '\000' < /etc/rc.local | sudo tee /etc/rc.local >/dev/null
sudo sed -i 's|\x00XAUTH_DIR=.*\x00\x00|\x00|' /etc/rc.local >/dev/null
tr '\000' '\n' < /etc/rc.local | sudo tee /etc/rc.local >/dev/null
sudo sed -i 's|^exit 0.*$|XAUTH_DIR=/tmp/.docker.xauth; rm -rf $XAUTH_DIR; install -m 777 -d $XAUTH_DIR\n\nexit 0|' /etc/rc.local

当系统重启时，在用户登录前，如果容器的重启策略为always, docker会自动挂载$XAUTH_DIR目录。用户登录后，可以在~/中写入命令。配置文件是创建$XAUTH文件，然后容器将自动使用这个$XAUTH文件。

tr '\n' '\000' < ~/.profile | sudo tee ~/.profile >/dev/null
sed -i 's|\x00XAUTH_DIR=.*-\x00|\x00|' ~/.profile
tr '\000' '\n' < ~/.profile | sudo tee ~/.profile >/dev/null
echo "XAUTH_DIR=/tmp/.docker.xauth; XAUTH=\$XAUTH_DIR/.xauth; touch \$XAUTH; xauth nlist \$DISPLAY | sed -e 's/^..../ffff/' | xauth -f \$XAUTH nmerge -" >> ~/.profile

毕竟，容器将在每次系统重新启动和用户登录时自动获取Xauthority文件。

你可以简单地安装一个vncserver和Firefox:)

我推了一个图像，vnc/firefox，在这里:docker拉creack/firefox-vnc

图片是用Dockerfile制作的:

# Firefox over VNC
#
# VERSION               0.1
# DOCKER-VERSION        0.2

FROM    ubuntu:12.04
# Make sure the package repository is up to date
RUN     echo "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main universe" > /etc/apt/sources.list
RUN     apt-get update

# Install vnc, xvfb in order to create a 'fake' display and firefox
RUN     apt-get install -y x11vnc xvfb firefox
RUN     mkdir ~/.vnc
# Setup a password
RUN     x11vnc -storepasswd 1234 ~/.vnc/passwd
# Autostart firefox (might not be the best way to do it, but it does the trick)
RUN     bash -c 'echo "firefox" >> /.bashrc'

这将创建一个运行VNC的Docker容器，密码为1234:

对于Docker 18或更新版本:

docker run -p 5900:5900 -e HOME=/ creack/firefox-vnc x11vnc -forever -usepw -create

对于Docker 1.3或更新版本:

docker run -p 5900 -e HOME=/ creack/firefox-vnc x11vnc -forever -usepw -create

对于1.3版本之前的Docker:

docker run -p 5900 creack/firefox-vnc x11vnc -forever -usepw -create

fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop (Ubuntu 18.04, 20.04)

https://github.com/fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop provides a convenient setup. That setup is not minimized. It would be good to minimize it. But I just don't have the time, and that one just works every time I try, so I tend to just use it. On the upside, because it is not minimized, it tends to test more complex programs you might actually to see that they are actually working through the infinitely many pitfalls of Docker. Also, since setups breaks on every guest/host update, a minimization would arguably only work for a limited period until you'd have to reminimize that project again.

要启动它，只需运行:

sudo docker run --name ubvnc -p 6080:80 -p 5900:5900 dorowu/ubuntu-desktop-lxde-vnc:focal

然后在主机上:

visit: http://127.0.0.1:6080/#/ which runs a noVNC more limited JavaScript VNC client run: sudo apt-get install tigervnc-viewer xtigervncviewer :5900 To go into fullscreen mode, hit F8 and click on menu entry, or just F8 followed by T: https://superuser.com/questions/285843/how-do-i-switch-in-out-of-fullscreen-mode-from-the-command-line-in-realvnc You might need to close and reopen the screen after that for the image to get larger. I also tried vinagre, but it was much laggier when scrolling Firefox on YouTube. Inside vinagre, you might want to go into full screen mode to be able to see the full desktop

要退出，只需杀死码头码头。并重新启动机器:

sudo docker start ubvnc

然后重新连接VNC。然后退出机器:

sudo docker stop ubvnc

您必须等待几秒钟，等待客户机上的VNC服务器启动，然后才能进行连接。

客人体内的铬不会从菜单开始。如果你试图从命令行启动它，它会解释为什么:

Running as root without --no-sandbox is not supported. See https://crbug.com/638180.

所以只需从CLI运行它:

chromium-browser --no-sandbox

然而，Firefox并不在意。

待办事项:没有音频。——device /dev/snd没有帮助:

如何在Mac OS Yosemite上的Docker容器中播放声音 https://forums.docker.com/t/how-to-get-sound/36527 https://github.com/fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop/issues/49

编辑:他们为它增加了一个部分:https://github.com/fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop/tree/e4922ce92f945fc482994b7a0fd95ca5de7295b3#sound-preview-version-and-linux-only

参见:

如何在Docker映像中打开Ubuntu GUI

测试:

Ubuntu 19.04主机，fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop, dorowu/ Ubuntu -desktop-lxde-vnc镜像id: 70516b87e92d。 Ubuntu 21.10主机:dorowu/ Ubuntu -desktop-lxde-vnc:focal (Ubuntu 20.04)

具有BRIDGE网络的Docker。 Ubuntu 16.04使用显示管理器lightdm:

cd /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d
sudo nano user.conf

[Seat:*]
xserver-allow-tcp=true
xserver-command=X -listen tcp

您可以使用更多的私有权限

xhost +

docker run --volume="$HOME/.Xauthority:/root/.Xauthority:rw" --env="DISPLAY=$HOST_IP_IN_BRIDGE_NETWORK:0" --net=bridge $container_name

其他的解决方案应该可以工作，但是这里有一个docker-compose的解决方案。

要修复这个错误，您需要将$DISPLAY和. x11 -unix传递给docker，并授予启动docker的用户对xhost的访问权限。

docker-compose之内。yml文件:

version: '2'
services:
    node:
        build: .
        container_name: node
        environment:
            - DISPLAY
        volumes:
            - /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix

在终端或脚本中:

xhost + si: localuser: $用户 xhost +当地:码头工人 出口显示= $显示 docker-compose起来