Inserts to a table having a clustered index where the insertion occurs in the middle of the sequence DOES NOT cause the index to be rewritten. It does not cause the pages comprising the data to be rewritten. If there is room on the page where the row will go, then it is placed in that page. The single page will be reformatted to place the row in the right place in the page. When the page is full, a page split will happen, with half of the rows on the page going to one page, and half going on the other. The pages are then relinked into the linked list of pages that comprise a tables data that has the clustered index. At most, you will end up writing 2 pages of database.

是的，但除非您希望有数百万行，否则不使用基于字符串的键(因为它较慢)通常是“过早优化”。毕竟，字符串存储为大数字，而数字键通常存储为较小的数字。

不过，要注意的一件事是，如果您在任意键上聚集了索引，并且在索引中进行了大量的非顺序插入。写入的每一行都将导致索引重新写入。如果您正在进行批量插入，这确实会降低过程的速度。

使用string作为主键的另一个问题是，由于索引不断按顺序排列，当创建一个新键时，索引必须重新排序……如果使用自动编号整数，则新键只添加到索引的末尾。

变量太多了。这取决于表的大小，索引，字符串键域的性质…

一般来说，整数会更快。但差别大到足以让人在意吗?这很难说。

另外，你选择字符串的动机是什么?数字型的自动递增键通常也容易得多。是语义上的吗?方便?复制/断开连接问题?你的回答可能会限制你的选择。这也会让你想起你忘记的第三个“混合”选项:Guids。

Strings are slower in joins and in real life they are very rarely really unique (even when they are supposed to be). The only advantage is that they can reduce the number of joins if you are joining to the primary table only to get the name. However, strings are also often subject to change thus creating the problem of having to fix all related records when the company name changes or the person gets married. This can be a huge performance hit and if all tables that should be related somehow are not related (this happens more often than you think), then you might have data mismatches as well. An integer that will never change through the life of the record is a far safer choice from a data integrity standpoint as well as from a performance standpoint. Natural keys are usually not so good for maintenance of the data.

我还想指出，两者的最佳方法通常是使用自递增键(或者在某些特殊情况下，使用GUID)作为PK，然后在自然键上放置唯一索引。您可以获得更快的连接，不会得到重复的记录，也不必因为公司名称更改而更新一百万个子记录。

指数意味着大量的比较。

通常，字符串比整数长，并且可以应用排序规则进行比较，因此比较字符串通常比比较整数需要更多的计算量。

不过，有时使用字符串作为主键要比使用字符串与数字id表进行额外的连接更快。