I keep seeing "bootstrapping" mentioned in discussions of application development. It seems both widespread and important, but I've yet to come across even a poor explanation of what bootstrapping actually is; rather, it seems as though everyone is just supposed to know what it means. I don't, though. Near as I can figure, it has something to do with initialization tasks required of an application upon launch, but I could be completely wrong about that. Can anyone help me to understand this idea?


当前回答

术语“自举”通常适用于系统依赖自身启动的情况,有点像鸡和蛋的问题。

例如:

如何编译用C编写的C编译器? 如果操作系统还没有运行,如何启动操作系统初始化进程? 如何启动一个分布式(点对点)系统,在这个系统中,客户端依赖于它们当前已知的对等点来查找系统中的新对等点?

在这种情况下,bootstrapping指的是一种打破循环依赖关系的方法,通常借助外部实体的帮助。

您可以使用另一个C编译器来编译(引导)您自己的编译器,然后您可以使用它来重新编译自己 您使用一段单独的代码来设置初始进程,而不依赖于操作系统提供的任何函数 您使用硬编码的初始对等体列表或提供对等体列表的硬编码跟踪器URL

etc.

其他回答

参见维基百科关于引导的文章。

有一个部分和链接解释了它在计算中的含义。它在这个领域有四种不同的用途。

这里有一些引用,但要更深入的解释和其他含义,请参考上面的链接。

"...是一种技术,通过一种简单的计算机程序激活一个更复杂的程序系统。” “自举一词的另一种用法是使用编译器来编译自己,首先用现有语言编写一种新编程语言的编译器的一小部分,然后用新语言编写更多的新编译器程序。”

引导文件负责加载主文件的内容。它是主文件的包装器。这样,如果由于某种原因加载文件不成功,我们就可以捕获错误。

亚历克斯,这和你的电脑启动时做的差不多。('Booting' a computer实际上来自于单词bootstrapping)

最初,运行BIOS中的小程序。它包含足够的机器代码来加载和运行一个更大、更复杂的程序。

第二个程序可能是类似于NTLDR(在Windows中)或LILO(在Linux中)的程序,然后执行并能够加载,然后运行操作系统的其余部分。

Boot strapping the dictionary meaning is to start up with minimum resources. In the Context of an OS the OS should be able to swiftly load once the Power On Self Test (POST) determines that its safe to wake up the CPU. The boot strap code will be run from the BIOS. BIOS is a small sized ROM. Generally it is a jump instruction to the set of instructions which will load the Operating system to the RAM. The destination of the Jump is the Boot sector in the Hard Disk. Once the bios program checks it is a valid Boot sector which contains the starting address of the stored OS, ie whether it is a valid MBR (Master Boot Record) or not. If its a valid MBR the OS will be copied to the memory (RAM)from there on the OS takes care of Memory and Process management.

除了它在软件开发中的应用(例如kdgregory给出的答案)和Dirk Eddelbuettel所讨论的在统计学中的应用之外,在强化学习的上下文中,Bootstrapping还有另一个对开发人员有用的含义。

来自萨顿和巴托:

Widrow, Gupta, and Maitra (1973) modified the Least-Mean-Square (LMS) algorithm of Widrow and Hoff (1960) to produce a reinforcement learning rule that could learn from success and failure signals instead of from training examples. They called this form of learning “selective bootstrap adaptation” and described it as “learning with a critic” instead of “learning with a teacher.” They analyzed this rule and showed how it could learn to play blackjack. This was an isolated foray into reinforcement learning by Widrow, whose contributions to supervised learning were much more influential.

这本书描述了各种强化算法,其中目标值是基于先前的近似作为bootstrap方法:

最后,我们注意到 DP[动态规划]方法的最后一个特殊性质。所有这些都更新了估计 基于对继承者价值的估计的状态值 州。也就是说,他们在其他数据的基础上更新估计 估计。我们把这叫做引导。许多钢筋 学习方法执行引导,即使是那些没有引导的方法 要求,正如DP要求,一个完整和准确的模型 环境。

请注意,这不同于维基百科页面上提到的自举聚合和智能爆炸。

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