我想在前面所有答案的基础上补充以下内容，这不是官方的，但符合标准。

首先，你可以考虑总是给予最少的特权。因此，如果您不需要特定于实例的内容，请将其设置为类方法。如果您不需要特定于类的内容，请将其设置为静态方法。

第二件事是考虑您可以通过创建的方法类型进行通信。静态方法-助手函数意味着在类本身之外使用。类函数-可以在没有实例化的情况下调用，但意味着只能与该类一起使用-否则将是一个静态方法！实例方法-仅用于实例。

这可以帮助您沟通模式以及如何使用代码。

class Foo:
    @classmethod
    def bar(cls, id: int = None):
        query = session.query(
            a.id,
            a.name,
            a.address,
        )

        if id is not None:
            query = query.filter(a.id == id)

        return query

例如，上面提到的——没有理由说明方法栏不能是静态的。然而，通过将其设置为类方法，您可以传达它应该由类本身使用，而不是作为其他地方使用的助手函数！

请记住，以上内容不是官方的，而是我个人的偏好

实例方法：

+可以修改对象实例状态

+可以修改类状态

类方法：

-无法修改对象实例状态

+可以修改类状态

静态方法：

-无法修改对象实例状态

-无法修改类状态

class MyClass:
    ''' 
    Instance method has a mandatory first attribute self which represent the instance itself. 
    Instance method must be called by a instantiated instance.
    '''
    def method(self):
        return 'instance method called', self
    
    '''
    Class method has a mandatory first attribute cls which represent the class itself. 
    Class method can be called by an instance or by the class directly. 
    Its most common using scenario is to define a factory method.
    '''
    @classmethod
    def class_method(cls):
        return 'class method called', cls
    
    '''
    Static method doesn’t have any attributes of instances or the class. 
    It also can be called by an instance or by the class directly. 
    Its most common using scenario is to define some helper or utility functions which are closely relative to the class.
    '''
    @staticmethod
    def static_method():
        return 'static method called'


obj = MyClass()
print(obj.method())
print(obj.class_method()) # MyClass.class_method()
print(obj.static_method()) # MyClass.static_method()

输出：

('instance method called', <__main__.MyClass object at 0x100fb3940>)
('class method called', <class '__main__.MyClass'>)
static method called

实例方法实际上可以访问对象实例，所以这是我的类对象的一个实例，而使用类方法，我们可以访问类本身。但不适用于任何对象，因为类方法并不真正关心现有的对象。但是，您可以同时调用对象实例上的类方法和静态方法。这将起作用，但实际上并没有什么不同，所以当你在这里调用静态方法时，它会起作用，它会知道你要调用哪个方法。

静态方法用于执行一些实用程序任务，类方法用于工厂方法。工厂方法可以为不同的用例返回类对象。

最后，举一个简短的例子来更好地理解：

class Student:
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name):
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name

    @classmethod
    def get_from_string(cls, name_string: str):
        first_name, last_name = name_string.split()
        if Student.validate_name(first_name) and Student.validate_name(last_name):
            return cls(first_name, last_name)
        else:
            print('Invalid Names')

    @staticmethod
    def validate_name(name):
        return len(name) <= 10


stackoverflow_student = Student.get_from_string('Name Surname')
print(stackoverflow_student.first_name) # Name
print(stackoverflow_student.last_name) # Surname

python官方文档：

@分类法

类方法将类作为隐式第一个参数，就像instance方法接收该实例。要声明类方法，请使用成语：C类：@分类法定义f（cls，arg1，arg2，…）：。。。@classmethod表单是一个函数decorator–请参见函数中的函数定义详细定义。它可以在类上调用（例如C.f（））或实例（例如C（）.f（））。实例是除了它的类之外，都被忽略。如果类方法用于派生类，派生类对象是作为隐含的第一个参数传递。类方法不同于C++或Java静态方法。如果你愿意这些，请参见本文中的staticmethod（）部分

@静态方法

静态方法不接收隐式第一个参数。声明静态方法，使用这个成语：C类：@静态方法定义f（arg1，arg2，…）：。。。@staticmethod表单是一个函数decorator–请参见函数中的函数定义详细定义。它可以在类上调用（例如C.f（））或实例（例如C（）.f（））。实例是除了它的类之外，都被忽略。Python中的静态方法类似类似于Java或C++中的那些。对于更高级的概念，请参见classmethod（）。

@staticmethod只是禁用默认函数作为方法描述符。classmethod将函数包装在可调用的容器中，该容器将引用作为第一个参数传递给所属类：

>>> class C(object):
...  pass
... 
>>> def f():
...  pass
... 
>>> staticmethod(f).__get__(None, C)
<function f at 0x5c1cf0>
>>> classmethod(f).__get__(None, C)
<bound method type.f of <class '__main__.C'>>

事实上，classmethod有运行时开销，但可以访问所属的类。或者，我建议使用元类并将类方法放在元类上：

>>> class CMeta(type):
...  def foo(cls):
...   print cls
... 
>>> class C(object):
...  __metaclass__ = CMeta
... 
>>> C.foo()
<class '__main__.C'>

从其文档中定义静态方法和类方法。以及何时使用静态方法和何时使用类方法。

静态方法类似于java和C#中的静态方法，它不会使用类的任何初始化值，只需要从外部进行操作即可。类方法：通常用于继承重写，当我们重写一个方法时，然后使用CLS实例来判断是否要调用子类或父类的方法。以防您希望同时使用同名和不同签名的方法。

静态方法（函数）->方法

Convert a function to be a static method.

A static method does not receive an implicit first argument.
To declare a static method, use this idiom:

     class C:
         @staticmethod
         def f(arg1, arg2, ...):
             ...

It can be called either on the class (e.g. C.f()) or on an instance
(e.g. C().f()).  The instance is ignored except for its class.

Static methods in Python are similar to those found in Java or C++.
For a more advanced concept, see the classmethod builtin.
"""

classmethod（函数）->方法

Convert a function to be a class method.

A class method receives the class as implicit first argument,
just like an instance method receives the instance.
To declare a class method, use this idiom:

  class C:
      @classmethod
      def f(cls, arg1, arg2, ...):
          ...

It can be called either on the class (e.g. C.f()) or on an instance
(e.g. C().f()).  The instance is ignored except for its class.
If a class method is called for a derived class, the derived class
object is passed as the implied first argument.

Class methods are different than C++ or Java static methods.
If you want those, see the staticmethod builtin.

我的贡献展示了@classmethod、@staticmethod和实例方法之间的区别，包括实例如何间接调用@staticmmethod。但是，与其从实例间接调用@staticmethod，不如将其私有化可能更“Python化”。这里没有演示从私有方法获取内容，但基本上是相同的概念。

#!python3

from os import system
system('cls')
# %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %

class DemoClass(object):
    # instance methods need a class instance and
    # can access the instance through 'self'
    def instance_method_1(self):
        return 'called from inside the instance_method_1()'

    def instance_method_2(self):
        # an instance outside the class indirectly calls the static_method
        return self.static_method() + ' via instance_method_2()'

    # class methods don't need a class instance, they can't access the
    # instance (self) but they have access to the class itself via 'cls'
    @classmethod
    def class_method(cls):
        return 'called from inside the class_method()'

    # static methods don't have access to 'cls' or 'self', they work like
    # regular functions but belong to the class' namespace
    @staticmethod
    def static_method():
        return 'called from inside the static_method()'
# %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %

# works even if the class hasn't been instantiated
print(DemoClass.class_method() + '\n')
''' called from inside the class_method() '''

# works even if the class hasn't been instantiated
print(DemoClass.static_method() + '\n')
''' called from inside the static_method() '''
# %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %

# >>>>> all methods types can be called on a class instance <<<<<
# instantiate the class
democlassObj = DemoClass()

# call instance_method_1()
print(democlassObj.instance_method_1() + '\n')
''' called from inside the instance_method_1() '''

# # indirectly call static_method through instance_method_2(), there's really no use
# for this since a @staticmethod can be called whether the class has been
# instantiated or not
print(democlassObj.instance_method_2() + '\n')
''' called from inside the static_method() via instance_method_2() '''

# call class_method()
print(democlassObj.class_method() + '\n')
'''  called from inside the class_method() '''

# call static_method()
print(democlassObj.static_method())
''' called from inside the static_method() '''

"""
# whether the class is instantiated or not, this doesn't work
print(DemoClass.instance_method_1() + '\n')
'''
TypeError: TypeError: unbound method instancemethod() must be called with
DemoClass instance as first argument (got nothing instead)
'''
"""