我有一个db表,存储如下:

RuleID  objectProperty ComparisonOperator  TargetValue
1       age            'greater_than'             15
2       username       'equal'             'some_name'
3       tags           'hasAtLeastOne'     'some_tag some_tag2'

现在假设我有这些规则的集合:

List<Rule> rules = db.GetRules();

现在我也有一个用户的实例:

User user = db.GetUser(....);

我将如何循环这些规则,并应用逻辑和执行比较等?

if(user.age > 15)

if(user.username == "some_name")

由于对象的属性,如'年龄'或'user_name'存储在表中,以及比较操作符'great_than'和'equal',我怎么可能做到这一点?

c#是一种静态类型语言,所以不知道该如何发展。


当前回答

我构建了一个规则引擎,它采用的方法与您在问题中概述的方法不同,但我认为您会发现它比您当前的方法灵活得多。

您当前的方法似乎集中在单个实体“User”上,而您的持久规则标识“propertyname”、“operator”和“value”。相反,我的模式将谓词(Func<T, bool>)的c#代码存储在数据库中的“表达式”列中。在当前的设计中,使用代码生成,我正在从数据库中查询“规则”并编译具有“规则”类型的程序集,每个程序集都具有“测试”方法。下面是实现每个规则的接口的签名:

public interface IDataRule<TEntity> 
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Evaluates the validity of a rule given an instance of an entity
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="entity">Entity to evaluate</param>
    /// <returns>result of the evaluation</returns>
    bool Test(TEntity entity);
    /// <summary>
    /// The unique indentifier for a rule.
    /// </summary>
     int RuleId { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// Common name of the rule, not unique
    /// </summary>
     string RuleName { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// Indicates the message used to notify the user if the rule fails
    /// </summary>
     string ValidationMessage { get; set; }   
     /// <summary>
     /// indicator of whether the rule is enabled or not
     /// </summary>
     bool IsEnabled { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// Represents the order in which a rule should be executed relative to other rules
    /// </summary>
     int SortOrder { get; set; }
}

当应用程序第一次执行时,“Expression”被编译为“Test”方法的主体。如您所见,表中的其他列也作为规则上的一级属性显示,以便开发人员可以灵活地创建用户如何获得失败或成功通知的体验。

在应用程序中只生成一次内存程序集,在计算规则时不必使用反射,从而获得性能提升。在运行时检查表达式,因为如果属性名拼写错误,程序集将不能正确生成。

创建内存程序集的机制如下:

从DB加载规则 遍历规则和for-each,使用StringBuilder和一些字符串连接编写代表从IDataRule继承的类的Text 使用CodeDOM编译——更多信息

这实际上非常简单,因为对于大多数代码来说,这些代码是构造函数中的属性实现和值初始化。除此之外,唯一的其他代码是表达式。 注意:由于CodeDOM的限制,你的表达式必须是。net 2.0(没有lambdas或其他c# 3.0特性)。

下面是一些示例代码。

sb.AppendLine(string.Format("\tpublic class {0} : SomeCompany.ComponentModel.IDataRule<{1}>", className, typeName));
            sb.AppendLine("\t{");
            sb.AppendLine("\t\tprivate int _ruleId = -1;");
            sb.AppendLine("\t\tprivate string _ruleName = \"\";");
            sb.AppendLine("\t\tprivate string _ruleType = \"\";");
            sb.AppendLine("\t\tprivate string _validationMessage = \"\";");
            /// ... 
            sb.AppendLine("\t\tprivate bool _isenabled= false;");
            // constructor
            sb.AppendLine(string.Format("\t\tpublic {0}()", className));
            sb.AppendLine("\t\t{");
            sb.AppendLine(string.Format("\t\t\tRuleId = {0};", ruleId));
            sb.AppendLine(string.Format("\t\t\tRuleName = \"{0}\";", ruleName.TrimEnd()));
            sb.AppendLine(string.Format("\t\t\tRuleType = \"{0}\";", ruleType.TrimEnd()));                
            sb.AppendLine(string.Format("\t\t\tValidationMessage = \"{0}\";", validationMessage.TrimEnd()));
            // ...
            sb.AppendLine(string.Format("\t\t\tSortOrder = {0};", sortOrder));                

            sb.AppendLine("\t\t}");
            // properties
            sb.AppendLine("\t\tpublic int RuleId { get { return _ruleId; } set { _ruleId = value; } }");
            sb.AppendLine("\t\tpublic string RuleName { get { return _ruleName; } set { _ruleName = value; } }");
            sb.AppendLine("\t\tpublic string RuleType { get { return _ruleType; } set { _ruleType = value; } }");

            /// ... more properties -- omitted

            sb.AppendLine(string.Format("\t\tpublic bool Test({0} entity) ", typeName));
            sb.AppendLine("\t\t{");
            // #############################################################
            // NOTE: This is where the expression from the DB Column becomes
            // the body of the Test Method, such as: return "entity.Prop1 < 5"
            // #############################################################
            sb.AppendLine(string.Format("\t\t\treturn {0};", expressionText.TrimEnd()));
            sb.AppendLine("\t\t}");  // close method
            sb.AppendLine("\t}"); // close Class

除此之外,我做了一个我称为“DataRuleCollection”的类,它实现了ICollection>。这使我能够创建一个“TestAll”功能和一个索引器,用于按名称执行特定的规则。下面是这两个方法的实现。

    /// <summary>
    /// Indexer which enables accessing rules in the collection by name
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="ruleName">a rule name</param>
    /// <returns>an instance of a data rule or null if the rule was not found.</returns>
    public IDataRule<TEntity, bool> this[string ruleName]
    {
        get { return Contains(ruleName) ? list[ruleName] : null; }
    }
    // in this case the implementation of the Rules Collection is: 
    // DataRulesCollection<IDataRule<User>> and that generic flows through to the rule.
    // there are also some supporting concepts here not otherwise outlined, such as a "FailedRules" IList
    public bool TestAllRules(User target) 
    {
        rules.FailedRules.Clear();
        var result = true;

        foreach (var rule in rules.Where(x => x.IsEnabled)) 
        {

            result = rule.Test(target);
            if (!result)
            {

                rules.FailedRules.Add(rule);
            }
        }

        return (rules.FailedRules.Count == 0);
    }

更多代码:有一个与代码生成相关的代码请求。我将这个功能封装在一个名为“RulesAssemblyGenerator”的类中,我在下面列出了这个类。

namespace Xxx.Services.Utils
    {
        public static class RulesAssemblyGenerator
        {
            static List<string> EntityTypesLoaded = new List<string>();

            public static void Execute(string typeName, string scriptCode)
            {
                if (EntityTypesLoaded.Contains(typeName)) { return; } 
                // only allow the assembly to load once per entityType per execution session
                Compile(new CSharpCodeProvider(), scriptCode);
                EntityTypesLoaded.Add(typeName);
            }
            private static void Compile(CodeDom.CodeDomProvider provider, string source)
            {
                var param = new CodeDom.CompilerParameters()
                {
                    GenerateExecutable = false,
                    IncludeDebugInformation = false,
                    GenerateInMemory = true
                };
                var path = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location;
                var root_Dir = System.IO.Path.Combine(System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "Bin");
                param.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(path);
                // Note: This dependencies list are included as assembly reference and they should list out all dependencies
                // That you may reference in your Rules or that your entity depends on.
                // some assembly names were changed... clearly.
                var dependencies = new string[] { "yyyyyy.dll", "xxxxxx.dll", "NHibernate.dll", "ABC.Helper.Rules.dll" };
                foreach (var dependency in dependencies)
                {
                    var assemblypath = System.IO.Path.Combine(root_Dir, dependency);
                    param.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(assemblypath);
                }
                // reference .NET basics for C# 2.0 and C#3.0
                param.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(@"C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\System.dll");
                param.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(@"C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\v3.5\System.Core.dll");
                var compileResults = provider.CompileAssemblyFromSource(param, source);
                var output = compileResults.Output;
                if (compileResults.Errors.Count != 0)
                {
                    CodeDom.CompilerErrorCollection es = compileResults.Errors;
                    var edList = new List<DataRuleLoadExceptionDetails>();
                    foreach (CodeDom.CompilerError s in es)
                        edList.Add(new DataRuleLoadExceptionDetails() { Message = s.ErrorText, LineNumber = s.Line });
                    var rde = new RuleDefinitionException(source, edList.ToArray());
                    throw rde;
                }
            }
        }
    }

如果对进一步的代码示例有任何其他问题、评论或请求,请告诉我。

其他回答

如果你只有少量的属性和操作符,那么阻力最小的方法就是将所有检查都编码为如下的特殊情况:

public bool ApplyRules(List<Rule> rules, User user)
{
    foreach (var rule in rules)
    {
        IComparable value = null;
        object limit = null;
        if (rule.objectProperty == "age")
        {
            value = user.age;
            limit = Convert.ToInt32(rule.TargetValue);
        }
        else if (rule.objectProperty == "username")
        {
            value = user.username;
            limit = rule.TargetValue;
        }
        else
            throw new InvalidOperationException("invalid property");

        int result = value.CompareTo(limit);

        if (rule.ComparisonOperator == "equal")
        {
            if (!(result == 0)) return false;
        }
        else if (rule.ComparisonOperator == "greater_than")
        {
            if (!(result > 0)) return false;
        }
        else
            throw new InvalidOperationException("invalid operator");
    }
    return true;
}

如果您有很多属性,您可能会发现表驱动方法更合适。在这种情况下,您将创建一个静态Dictionary,将属性名称映射到匹配的委托,例如Func<User,对象>。

如果在编译时不知道属性的名称,或者希望避免每个属性的特殊情况,并且不想使用表方法,则可以使用反射来获取属性。例如:

var value = user.GetType().GetProperty("age").GetValue(user, null);

但是由于TargetValue可能是一个字符串,如果有必要,您需要注意从规则表进行类型转换。

反思是最通用的答案。你有三列数据,它们需要以不同的方式处理:

字段名。反射是从编码字段名中获取值的方法。 比较运算符。它们的数量应该是有限的,因此case语句应该最容易处理它们。特别是其中一些(有一个或多个)稍微复杂一些。 你的比较值。如果这些都是直值,那么这很容易,尽管您需要将多个条目分开。但是,如果它们也是字段名,也可以使用反射。

我会采取这样的方法:

    var value = user.GetType().GetProperty("age").GetValue(user, null);
    //Thank you Rick! Saves me remembering it;
    switch(rule.ComparisonOperator)
        case "equals":
             return EqualComparison(value, rule.CompareTo)
        case "is_one_or_more_of"
             return IsInComparison(value, rule.CompareTo)

等等。

它为您提供了添加更多比较选项的灵活性。这也意味着您可以在compare方法中编写您可能想要的任何类型验证,并使它们尽可能复杂。这里还有一个选项,让CompareTo作为另一行的递归调用来计算,或者作为一个字段值,可以这样做:

             return IsInComparison(value, EvaluateComparison(rule.CompareTo))

这一切都取决于未来的可能性....

下面是一些按原样编译并完成这项工作的代码。 基本上使用两个字典,一个包含从操作符名称到布尔函数的映射,另一个包含从User类型的属性名称到用于调用属性getter(如果是公共的)的PropertyInfos的映射。 将User实例和表中的三个值传递给静态Apply方法。

class User
{
    public int Age { get; set; }
    public string UserName { get; set; }
}

class Operator
{
    private static Dictionary<string, Func<object, object, bool>> s_operators;
    private static Dictionary<string, PropertyInfo> s_properties;
    static Operator()
    {
        s_operators = new Dictionary<string, Func<object, object, bool>>();
        s_operators["greater_than"] = new Func<object, object, bool>(s_opGreaterThan);
        s_operators["equal"] = new Func<object, object, bool>(s_opEqual);

        s_properties = typeof(User).GetProperties().ToDictionary(propInfo => propInfo.Name);
    }

    public static bool Apply(User user, string op, string prop, object target)
    {
        return s_operators[op](GetPropValue(user, prop), target);
    }

    private static object GetPropValue(User user, string prop)
    {
        PropertyInfo propInfo = s_properties[prop];
        return propInfo.GetGetMethod(false).Invoke(user, null);
    }

    #region Operators

    static bool s_opGreaterThan(object o1, object o2)
    {
        if (o1 == null || o2 == null || o1.GetType() != o2.GetType() || !(o1 is IComparable))
            return false;
        return (o1 as IComparable).CompareTo(o2) > 0;
    }

    static bool s_opEqual(object o1, object o2)
    {
        return o1 == o2;
    }

    //etc.

    #endregion

    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        User user = new User() { Age = 16, UserName = "John" };
        Console.WriteLine(Operator.Apply(user, "greater_than", "Age", 15));
        Console.WriteLine(Operator.Apply(user, "greater_than", "Age", 17));
        Console.WriteLine(Operator.Apply(user, "equal", "UserName", "John"));
        Console.WriteLine(Operator.Apply(user, "equal", "UserName", "Bob"));
    }
}

我构建了一个规则引擎,它采用的方法与您在问题中概述的方法不同,但我认为您会发现它比您当前的方法灵活得多。

您当前的方法似乎集中在单个实体“User”上,而您的持久规则标识“propertyname”、“operator”和“value”。相反,我的模式将谓词(Func<T, bool>)的c#代码存储在数据库中的“表达式”列中。在当前的设计中,使用代码生成,我正在从数据库中查询“规则”并编译具有“规则”类型的程序集,每个程序集都具有“测试”方法。下面是实现每个规则的接口的签名:

public interface IDataRule<TEntity> 
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Evaluates the validity of a rule given an instance of an entity
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="entity">Entity to evaluate</param>
    /// <returns>result of the evaluation</returns>
    bool Test(TEntity entity);
    /// <summary>
    /// The unique indentifier for a rule.
    /// </summary>
     int RuleId { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// Common name of the rule, not unique
    /// </summary>
     string RuleName { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// Indicates the message used to notify the user if the rule fails
    /// </summary>
     string ValidationMessage { get; set; }   
     /// <summary>
     /// indicator of whether the rule is enabled or not
     /// </summary>
     bool IsEnabled { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// Represents the order in which a rule should be executed relative to other rules
    /// </summary>
     int SortOrder { get; set; }
}

当应用程序第一次执行时,“Expression”被编译为“Test”方法的主体。如您所见,表中的其他列也作为规则上的一级属性显示,以便开发人员可以灵活地创建用户如何获得失败或成功通知的体验。

在应用程序中只生成一次内存程序集,在计算规则时不必使用反射,从而获得性能提升。在运行时检查表达式,因为如果属性名拼写错误,程序集将不能正确生成。

创建内存程序集的机制如下:

从DB加载规则 遍历规则和for-each,使用StringBuilder和一些字符串连接编写代表从IDataRule继承的类的Text 使用CodeDOM编译——更多信息

这实际上非常简单,因为对于大多数代码来说,这些代码是构造函数中的属性实现和值初始化。除此之外,唯一的其他代码是表达式。 注意:由于CodeDOM的限制,你的表达式必须是。net 2.0(没有lambdas或其他c# 3.0特性)。

下面是一些示例代码。

sb.AppendLine(string.Format("\tpublic class {0} : SomeCompany.ComponentModel.IDataRule<{1}>", className, typeName));
            sb.AppendLine("\t{");
            sb.AppendLine("\t\tprivate int _ruleId = -1;");
            sb.AppendLine("\t\tprivate string _ruleName = \"\";");
            sb.AppendLine("\t\tprivate string _ruleType = \"\";");
            sb.AppendLine("\t\tprivate string _validationMessage = \"\";");
            /// ... 
            sb.AppendLine("\t\tprivate bool _isenabled= false;");
            // constructor
            sb.AppendLine(string.Format("\t\tpublic {0}()", className));
            sb.AppendLine("\t\t{");
            sb.AppendLine(string.Format("\t\t\tRuleId = {0};", ruleId));
            sb.AppendLine(string.Format("\t\t\tRuleName = \"{0}\";", ruleName.TrimEnd()));
            sb.AppendLine(string.Format("\t\t\tRuleType = \"{0}\";", ruleType.TrimEnd()));                
            sb.AppendLine(string.Format("\t\t\tValidationMessage = \"{0}\";", validationMessage.TrimEnd()));
            // ...
            sb.AppendLine(string.Format("\t\t\tSortOrder = {0};", sortOrder));                

            sb.AppendLine("\t\t}");
            // properties
            sb.AppendLine("\t\tpublic int RuleId { get { return _ruleId; } set { _ruleId = value; } }");
            sb.AppendLine("\t\tpublic string RuleName { get { return _ruleName; } set { _ruleName = value; } }");
            sb.AppendLine("\t\tpublic string RuleType { get { return _ruleType; } set { _ruleType = value; } }");

            /// ... more properties -- omitted

            sb.AppendLine(string.Format("\t\tpublic bool Test({0} entity) ", typeName));
            sb.AppendLine("\t\t{");
            // #############################################################
            // NOTE: This is where the expression from the DB Column becomes
            // the body of the Test Method, such as: return "entity.Prop1 < 5"
            // #############################################################
            sb.AppendLine(string.Format("\t\t\treturn {0};", expressionText.TrimEnd()));
            sb.AppendLine("\t\t}");  // close method
            sb.AppendLine("\t}"); // close Class

除此之外,我做了一个我称为“DataRuleCollection”的类,它实现了ICollection>。这使我能够创建一个“TestAll”功能和一个索引器,用于按名称执行特定的规则。下面是这两个方法的实现。

    /// <summary>
    /// Indexer which enables accessing rules in the collection by name
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="ruleName">a rule name</param>
    /// <returns>an instance of a data rule or null if the rule was not found.</returns>
    public IDataRule<TEntity, bool> this[string ruleName]
    {
        get { return Contains(ruleName) ? list[ruleName] : null; }
    }
    // in this case the implementation of the Rules Collection is: 
    // DataRulesCollection<IDataRule<User>> and that generic flows through to the rule.
    // there are also some supporting concepts here not otherwise outlined, such as a "FailedRules" IList
    public bool TestAllRules(User target) 
    {
        rules.FailedRules.Clear();
        var result = true;

        foreach (var rule in rules.Where(x => x.IsEnabled)) 
        {

            result = rule.Test(target);
            if (!result)
            {

                rules.FailedRules.Add(rule);
            }
        }

        return (rules.FailedRules.Count == 0);
    }

更多代码:有一个与代码生成相关的代码请求。我将这个功能封装在一个名为“RulesAssemblyGenerator”的类中,我在下面列出了这个类。

namespace Xxx.Services.Utils
    {
        public static class RulesAssemblyGenerator
        {
            static List<string> EntityTypesLoaded = new List<string>();

            public static void Execute(string typeName, string scriptCode)
            {
                if (EntityTypesLoaded.Contains(typeName)) { return; } 
                // only allow the assembly to load once per entityType per execution session
                Compile(new CSharpCodeProvider(), scriptCode);
                EntityTypesLoaded.Add(typeName);
            }
            private static void Compile(CodeDom.CodeDomProvider provider, string source)
            {
                var param = new CodeDom.CompilerParameters()
                {
                    GenerateExecutable = false,
                    IncludeDebugInformation = false,
                    GenerateInMemory = true
                };
                var path = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location;
                var root_Dir = System.IO.Path.Combine(System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "Bin");
                param.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(path);
                // Note: This dependencies list are included as assembly reference and they should list out all dependencies
                // That you may reference in your Rules or that your entity depends on.
                // some assembly names were changed... clearly.
                var dependencies = new string[] { "yyyyyy.dll", "xxxxxx.dll", "NHibernate.dll", "ABC.Helper.Rules.dll" };
                foreach (var dependency in dependencies)
                {
                    var assemblypath = System.IO.Path.Combine(root_Dir, dependency);
                    param.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(assemblypath);
                }
                // reference .NET basics for C# 2.0 and C#3.0
                param.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(@"C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\System.dll");
                param.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(@"C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\v3.5\System.Core.dll");
                var compileResults = provider.CompileAssemblyFromSource(param, source);
                var output = compileResults.Output;
                if (compileResults.Errors.Count != 0)
                {
                    CodeDom.CompilerErrorCollection es = compileResults.Errors;
                    var edList = new List<DataRuleLoadExceptionDetails>();
                    foreach (CodeDom.CompilerError s in es)
                        edList.Add(new DataRuleLoadExceptionDetails() { Message = s.ErrorText, LineNumber = s.Line });
                    var rde = new RuleDefinitionException(source, edList.ToArray());
                    throw rde;
                }
            }
        }
    }

如果对进一步的代码示例有任何其他问题、评论或请求,请告诉我。

那么使用扩展方法的面向数据类型的方法呢?

public static class RoleExtension
{
    public static bool Match(this Role role, object obj )
    {
        var property = obj.GetType().GetProperty(role.objectProperty);
        if (property.PropertyType == typeof(int))
        {
            return ApplyIntOperation(role, (int)property.GetValue(obj, null));
        }
        if (property.PropertyType == typeof(string))
        {
            return ApplyStringOperation(role, (string)property.GetValue(obj, null));
        }
        if (property.PropertyType.GetInterface("IEnumerable<string>",false) != null)
        {
            return ApplyListOperation(role, (IEnumerable<string>)property.GetValue(obj, null));
        }
        throw new InvalidOperationException("Unknown PropertyType");
    }

    private static bool ApplyIntOperation(Role role, int value)
    {
        var targetValue = Convert.ToInt32(role.TargetValue);
        switch (role.ComparisonOperator)
        {
            case "greater_than":
                return value > targetValue;
            case "equal":
                return value == targetValue;
            //...
            default:
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Unknown ComparisonOperator");
        }
    }

    private static bool ApplyStringOperation(Role role, string value)
    {
        //...
        throw new InvalidOperationException("Unknown ComparisonOperator");
    }

    private static bool ApplyListOperation(Role role, IEnumerable<string> value)
    {
        var targetValues = role.TargetValue.Split(' ');
        switch (role.ComparisonOperator)
        {
            case "hasAtLeastOne":
                return value.Any(v => targetValues.Contains(v));
                //...
        }
        throw new InvalidOperationException("Unknown ComparisonOperator");
    }
}

然后你可以这样评价:

var myResults = users.Where(u => roles.All(r => r.Match(u)));