您可能需要以下两个函数:当输入长度不是BLOCK_SIZE的倍数时，pad- to pad(加密时)和unpad- to unpad(解密时)。

BS = 16
pad = lambda s: s + (BS - len(s) % BS) * chr(BS - len(s) % BS)
unpad = lambda s : s[:-ord(s[len(s)-1:])]

你问的是键的长度?您可以使用该密钥的MD5哈希，而不是直接使用它。

而且，根据我使用PyCrypto的一点经验，当输入相同时，IV用于混合加密的输出，因此IV被选择为随机字符串，并将其用作加密输出的一部分，然后使用它来解密消息。

这是我的实现:

import base64
from Crypto.Cipher import AES
from Crypto import Random

class AESCipher:
    def __init__( self, key ):
        self.key = key

    def encrypt( self, raw ):
        raw = pad(raw)
        iv = Random.new().read( AES.block_size )
        cipher = AES.new( self.key, AES.MODE_CBC, iv )
        return base64.b64encode( iv + cipher.encrypt( raw ) )

    def decrypt( self, enc ):
        enc = base64.b64decode(enc)
        iv = enc[:16]
        cipher = AES.new(self.key, AES.MODE_CBC, iv )
        return unpad(cipher.decrypt( enc[16:] ))

下面是我的实现，它通过一些修复为我工作。它将密钥和秘密短语的对齐增强为32字节，IV为16字节:

import base64
import hashlib
from Crypto import Random
from Crypto.Cipher import AES

class AESCipher(object):

    def __init__(self, key):
        self.bs = AES.block_size
        self.key = hashlib.sha256(key.encode()).digest()

    def encrypt(self, raw):
        raw = self._pad(raw)
        iv = Random.new().read(AES.block_size)
        cipher = AES.new(self.key, AES.MODE_CBC, iv)
        return base64.b64encode(iv + cipher.encrypt(raw.encode()))

    def decrypt(self, enc):
        enc = base64.b64decode(enc)
        iv = enc[:AES.block_size]
        cipher = AES.new(self.key, AES.MODE_CBC, iv)
        return self._unpad(cipher.decrypt(enc[AES.block_size:])).decode('utf-8')

    def _pad(self, s):
        return s + (self.bs - len(s) % self.bs) * chr(self.bs - len(s) % self.bs)

    @staticmethod
    def _unpad(s):
        return s[:-ord(s[len(s)-1:])]

这是另一种观点(主要源自上述解决方案)，但是

uses null for padding does not use lambda (never been a fan) tested with python 2.7 and 3.6.5 #!/usr/bin/python2.7 # you'll have to adjust for your setup, e.g., #!/usr/bin/python3 import base64, re from Crypto.Cipher import AES from Crypto import Random from django.conf import settings class AESCipher: """ Usage: aes = AESCipher( settings.SECRET_KEY[:16], 32) encryp_msg = aes.encrypt( 'ppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp' ) msg = aes.decrypt( encryp_msg ) print("'{}'".format(msg)) """ def __init__(self, key, blk_sz): self.key = key self.blk_sz = blk_sz def encrypt( self, raw ): if raw is None or len(raw) == 0: raise NameError("No value given to encrypt") raw = raw + '\0' * (self.blk_sz - len(raw) % self.blk_sz) raw = raw.encode('utf-8') iv = Random.new().read( AES.block_size ) cipher = AES.new( self.key.encode('utf-8'), AES.MODE_CBC, iv ) return base64.b64encode( iv + cipher.encrypt( raw ) ).decode('utf-8') def decrypt( self, enc ): if enc is None or len(enc) == 0: raise NameError("No value given to decrypt") enc = base64.b64decode(enc) iv = enc[:16] cipher = AES.new(self.key.encode('utf-8'), AES.MODE_CBC, iv ) return re.sub(b'\x00*$', b'', cipher.decrypt( enc[16:])).decode('utf-8')

PyCrypto已经过时了。

如今，密码学有了更好的支持。

这是另一个实现。注意，这将返回字节，您需要使用base64将它们转换为用于传输的字符串。

import os
import hashlib
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import Cipher, algorithms, modes
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend

_BLOCK_SIZE = 16

class AesStringCipher:
    def __init__(self, key):
        self._key = hashlib.sha256(key.encode()).digest()

    def encrypt_str(self, raw:str) -> bytes:
        iv = os.urandom(_BLOCK_SIZE)
        cipher = Cipher(algorithms.AES(self._key), modes.CBC(iv), default_backend())
        encryptor = cipher.encryptor()
        raw = _pad(raw)
        return iv + encryptor.update(raw.encode('utf-8')) + encryptor.finalize()

    def decrypt_str(self, enc:bytes) -> str:
        iv = enc[:_BLOCK_SIZE]
        enc = enc[_BLOCK_SIZE:]
        cipher = Cipher(algorithms.AES(self._key), modes.CBC(iv), default_backend())
        decryptor = cipher.decryptor()
        raw = decryptor.update(enc) + decryptor.finalize()
        raw = raw.decode('utf-8')
        return _unpad(raw)

def _pad(s:str) -> str:
    padding = (_BLOCK_SIZE - (len(s) % _BLOCK_SIZE))
    return s + padding * chr(padding)

def _unpad(s:str) -> str:
    return s[:-ord(s[len(s)-1:])]


if __name__ == '__main__':
    cipher = AesStringCipher('my secret password')

    secret_msg = 'this is a super secret msg ...'
    enc_msg = cipher.encrypt_str(secret_msg)
    dec_msg = cipher.decrypt_str(enc_msg)

    assert secret_msg == dec_msg

我很感激其他启发我的答案，但它们对我不起作用。

在花了几个小时试图弄清楚它是如何工作的之后，我用最新的PyCryptodomex库提出了下面的实现(这是另一个故事，我如何设法在代理后面设置它，在Windows上，在virtualenv中…唷)

它正在处理您的实现。记得写下填充、编码和加密步骤(反之亦然)。你必须打包和拆包，记住顺序。

import base64
import hashlib
from Cryptodome.Cipher import AES
from Cryptodome.Random import get_random_bytes

__key__ = hashlib.sha256(b'16-character key').digest()

def encrypt(raw):
    BS = AES.block_size
    pad = lambda s: s + (BS - len(s) % BS) * chr(BS - len(s) % BS)

    raw = base64.b64encode(pad(raw).encode('utf8'))
    iv = get_random_bytes(AES.block_size)
    cipher = AES.new(key= __key__, mode= AES.MODE_CFB,iv= iv)
    return base64.b64encode(iv + cipher.encrypt(raw))

def decrypt(enc):
    unpad = lambda s: s[:-ord(s[-1:])]

    enc = base64.b64decode(enc)
    iv = enc[:AES.block_size]
    cipher = AES.new(__key__, AES.MODE_CFB, iv)
    return unpad(base64.b64decode(cipher.decrypt(enc[AES.block_size:])).decode('utf8'))

使用AES-256和utf8mb4加密和解密拉丁字符和特殊字符(中文):

对于那些需要加密和解密拉丁文和特殊值(如中文)的人，这里有一个@MIkee代码的修改来完成这项任务。

记住，UTF-8本身不能处理这种类型的编码。

import base64, re
from Crypto.Cipher import AES
from Crypto import Random
from django.conf import settings

import codecs

# Make utf8mb4 recognizable.
codecs.register(lambda name: codecs.lookup('utf8') if name == 'utf8mb4' else None)


class AESCipher:

    def __init__(self, key, blk_sz):
        self.key = key
        self.blk_sz = blk_sz

    def encrypt( self, raw ):
        # raw is the main value
        if raw is None or len(raw) == 0:
            raise NameError("No value given to encrypt")
        raw = raw + '\0' * (self.blk_sz - len(raw) % self.blk_sz)
        raw = raw.encode('utf8mb4')
        # Initialization vector to avoid same encrypt for same strings.
        iv = Random.new().read( AES.block_size )
        cipher = AES.new( self.key.encode('utf8mb4'), AES.MODE_CFB, iv )
        return base64.b64encode( iv + cipher.encrypt( raw ) ).decode('utf8mb4')

    def decrypt( self, enc ):
        # enc is the encrypted value
        if enc is None or len(enc) == 0:
            raise NameError("No value given to decrypt")
        enc = base64.b64decode(enc)
        iv = enc[:16]
        # AES.MODE_CFB that allows bigger length or Latin values
        cipher = AES.new(self.key.encode('utf8mb4'), AES.MODE_CFB, iv )
        return re.sub(b'\x00*$', b'', cipher.decrypt( enc[16:])).decode('utf8mb4')

用法:

>>> from django.conf import settings
>>> from aesencryption import AESCipher
>>>
>>> aes = AESCipher(settings.SECRET_KEY[:16], 32)
>>>
>>> value = aes.encrypt('漢字')
>>>
>>> value
'hnuRwBjwAHDp5X0DmMF3lWzbjR0r81WlW9MRrWukgQwTL0ZI88oQaWvMfBM+W87w9JtSTw=='
>>> dec_value = aes.decrypt(value)
>>> dec_value
'漢字'
>>>

拉丁字母也是如此，例如ã， á， à， â， ã， ç等。

注意点

请记住，如果要在数据库中存储拉丁值，则需要将其设置为允许这种类型的数据。因此，如果您的数据库设置为utf-8，它将不接受这种类型的数据。你也需要在那里换衣服。