(这是一个迟来的回答)

另一种方法是继承dict类的子类并实现__missing__()方法，如下所示:

class ConnectionDetails(dict):
    def __missing__(self, key):
        if key == 'host':
            return "localhost"
        raise KeyError(key)

例子:

>>> connection_details = ConnectionDetails(port=80)

>>> connection_details['host']
'localhost'

>>> connection_details['port']
80

>>> connection_details['password']
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "python", line 1, in <module>
  File "python", line 6, in __missing__
KeyError: 'password'

是这样的:

host = connectionDetails.get('host', someDefaultValue)

(这是一个迟来的回答)

另一种方法是继承dict类的子类并实现__missing__()方法，如下所示:

class ConnectionDetails(dict):
    def __missing__(self, key):
        if key == 'host':
            return "localhost"
        raise KeyError(key)

例子:

>>> connection_details = ConnectionDetails(port=80)

>>> connection_details['host']
'localhost'

>>> connection_details['port']
80

>>> connection_details['password']
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "python", line 1, in <module>
  File "python", line 6, in __missing__
KeyError: 'password'

您可以使用一个lamba函数作为一行程序。创建一个新对象connectionDetails2，可以像函数一样访问它…

connectionDetails2 = lambda k: connectionDetails[k] if k in connectionDetails.keys() else "DEFAULT"

现在使用

connectionDetails2(k)

而不是

connectionDetails[k]

如果k在键中，则返回字典值，否则返回"DEFAULT"

我相信所有这些答案都是可以的，但这表明没有“好”的方法来做到这一点。我一直使用字典而不是case语句，并添加一个默认子句，我只是调用以下函数:

def choose(choise, choises, default):
    """Choose a choice from the choises given
    """
    return choises[choise] if choise in choises else default

这样我就可以使用正常的字典，没有特殊的默认子句等。

对于多个不同的默认值，请尝试以下方法:

connectionDetails = { "host": "www.example.com" }
defaults = { "host": "127.0.0.1", "port": 8080 }

completeDetails = {}
completeDetails.update(defaults)
completeDetails.update(connectionDetails)
completeDetails["host"]  # ==> "www.example.com"
completeDetails["port"]  # ==> 8080