(这是一个迟来的回答)

另一种方法是继承dict类的子类并实现__missing__()方法，如下所示:

class ConnectionDetails(dict):
    def __missing__(self, key):
        if key == 'host':
            return "localhost"
        raise KeyError(key)

例子:

>>> connection_details = ConnectionDetails(port=80)

>>> connection_details['host']
'localhost'

>>> connection_details['port']
80

>>> connection_details['password']
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "python", line 1, in <module>
  File "python", line 6, in __missing__
KeyError: 'password'

对于多个不同的默认值，请尝试以下方法:

connectionDetails = { "host": "www.example.com" }
defaults = { "host": "127.0.0.1", "port": 8080 }

completeDetails = {}
completeDetails.update(defaults)
completeDetails.update(connectionDetails)
completeDetails["host"]  # ==> "www.example.com"
completeDetails["port"]  # ==> 8080

是这样的:

host = connectionDetails.get('host', someDefaultValue)

您可以使用dict.get()作为默认值。

d = {"a" :1, "b" :2}
x = d.get("a",5)
y = d.get("c",6)

# This will give
# x = 1, y = 6
# as the result

由于"a"在键中，x = d.t get("a"，5)将返回相关值1。由于"c"不在键中，y = d.t get("c"，6)将返回默认值6。

这并不是我们要问的问题，但是在python字典中有一个方法:dict.setdefault

    host = connectionDetails.setdefault('host',someDefaultValue)

然而，这个方法将connectionDetails['host']的值设置为someDefaultValue，如果key host还没有定义，这与问题不同。

(这是一个迟来的回答)

另一种方法是继承dict类的子类并实现__missing__()方法，如下所示:

class ConnectionDetails(dict):
    def __missing__(self, key):
        if key == 'host':
            return "localhost"
        raise KeyError(key)

例子:

>>> connection_details = ConnectionDetails(port=80)

>>> connection_details['host']
'localhost'

>>> connection_details['port']
80

>>> connection_details['password']
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "python", line 1, in <module>
  File "python", line 6, in __missing__
KeyError: 'password'