我有一个脚本,我不希望它调用退出,如果它是来源。

我想检查是否$0 == bash,但这有问题,如果脚本是从另一个脚本,或者如果用户从不同的shell,如ksh源。

是否有一种可靠的方法来检测脚本是否被引用?


当前回答

我将给出一个特定于bash的答案。Korn shell,对不起。假设脚本名为include2.sh;然后在include2.sh中创建一个名为am_I_sourced的函数。下面是我的include2.sh的演示版本:

am_I_sourced()
{
  if [ "${FUNCNAME[1]}" = source ]; then
    if [ "$1" = -v ]; then
      echo "I am being sourced, this filename is ${BASH_SOURCE[0]} and my caller script/shell name was $0"
    fi
    return 0
  else
    if [ "$1" = -v ]; then
      echo "I am not being sourced, my script/shell name was $0"
    fi
    return 1
  fi
}

if am_I_sourced -v; then
  echo "Do something with sourced script"
else
  echo "Do something with executed script"
fi

现在尝试以多种方式执行它:

~/toys/bash $ chmod a+x include2.sh

~/toys/bash $ ./include2.sh 
I am not being sourced, my script/shell name was ./include2.sh
Do something with executed script

~/toys/bash $ bash ./include2.sh 
I am not being sourced, my script/shell name was ./include2.sh
Do something with executed script

~/toys/bash $ . include2.sh
I am being sourced, this filename is include2.sh and my caller script/shell name was bash
Do something with sourced script

所以这是毫无例外的工作,它没有使用脆弱的$_东西。这个技巧使用了BASH的自省功能,即内置变量FUNCNAME和BASH_SOURCE;请参阅bash手册页中的文档。

只有两个警告:

1)对am_I_called的调用必须发生在源脚本中,而不是在任何函数中,以免${FUNCNAME[1]}返回其他东西。是的…您本可以检查${FUNCNAME[2]},但这样做只会使您的工作更加困难。

2)函数am_I_called必须驻留在源脚本中,如果你想知道被包含的文件的名称。

其他回答

我想对丹尼斯非常有用的回答提出一个小小的更正,让它更容易携带,我希望:

[ "$_" != "$0" ] && echo "Script is being sourced" || echo "Script is a subshell"

因为[[不被Debian POSIX兼容外壳识别(有些保留的IMHO), dash。同样,在shell中,可能需要使用引号来防止文件名中包含空格。

我认为在ksh和bash中没有任何可移植的方法来做到这一点。在bash中,您可以使用调用器输出来检测它,但我认为ksh中不存在等效的输出。

bash, ksh, zsh的健壮解决方案,包括一个跨shell解决方案,以及一个相当健壮的posix兼容解决方案:

给出的版本号是验证功能的版本号——很可能,这些解决方案也适用于更早的版本——欢迎反馈。 仅使用POSIX特性(例如在dash中,它在Ubuntu中充当/bin/sh),没有可靠的方法来确定脚本是否被引用-请参阅下面的最佳近似方法。

重要的是:

The solutions determine whether the script is being sourced by its caller, which may be a shell itself or another script (which may or may not be sourced itself): Also detecting the latter case adds complexity; if you do not need to detect the case when your script is being sourced by another script, you can use the following, relatively simple POSIX-compliant solution: # Helper function is_sourced() { if [ -n "$ZSH_VERSION" ]; then case $ZSH_EVAL_CONTEXT in *:file:*) return 0;; esac else # Add additional POSIX-compatible shell names here, if needed. case ${0##*/} in dash|-dash|bash|-bash|ksh|-ksh|sh|-sh) return 0;; esac fi return 1 # NOT sourced. } # Sample call. is_sourced && sourced=1 || sourced=0 All solutions below must run in the top-level scope of your script, not inside functions.

下面是一行程序——解释如下;跨shell版本是复杂的,但它应该可以健壮地工作:

Bash(在3.57、4.4.19和5.1.16上验证)

(return 0 2>/dev/null) && sourced=1 || sourced=0

KSH(在93u+上验证)

[[ "$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "$0")" && pwd -P)/$(basename -- "$0")" != "$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${.sh.file}")" && pwd -P)/$(basename -- "${.sh.file}")" ]] && sourced=1 || sourced=0

ZSH(5.0.5验证)

[[ $ZSH_EVAL_CONTEXT =~ :file$ ]] && sourced=1 || sourced=0

交叉shell (bash, ksh, zsh)

(
  [[ -n $ZSH_VERSION && $ZSH_EVAL_CONTEXT =~ :file$ ]] || 
  [[ -n $KSH_VERSION && "$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "$0")" && pwd -P)/$(basename -- "$0")" != "$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${.sh.file}")" && pwd -P)/$(basename -- "${.sh.file}")" ]] || 
  [[ -n $BASH_VERSION ]] && (return 0 2>/dev/null)
) && sourced=1 || sourced=0

posix兼容;由于技术原因,不是一行程序(单一管道),并且不完全健壮(见底部):

sourced=0
if [ -n "$ZSH_VERSION" ]; then 
  case $ZSH_EVAL_CONTEXT in *:file) sourced=1;; esac
elif [ -n "$KSH_VERSION" ]; then
  [ "$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "$0")" && pwd -P)/$(basename -- "$0")" != "$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${.sh.file}")" && pwd -P)/$(basename -- "${.sh.file}")" ] && sourced=1
elif [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then
  (return 0 2>/dev/null) && sourced=1 
else # All other shells: examine $0 for known shell binary filenames.
     # Detects `sh` and `dash`; add additional shell filenames as needed.
  case ${0##*/} in sh|-sh|dash|-dash) sourced=1;; esac
fi

解释


bash

(return 0 2>/dev/null) && sourced=1 || sourced=0

注意:该技术改编自user5754163的答案,因为它比原来的解决方案更健壮,[[$0 != "$BASH_SOURCE"]] && sourced=1 || sourced=0[1]

Bash allows return statements only from functions and, in a script's top-level scope, only if the script is sourced. If return is used in the top-level scope of a non-sourced script, an error message is emitted, and the exit code is set to 1. (return 0 2>/dev/null) executes return in a subshell and suppresses the error message; afterwards the exit code indicates whether the script was sourced (0) or not (1), which is used with the && and || operators to set the sourced variable accordingly. Use of a subshell is necessary, because executing return in the top-level scope of a sourced script would exit the script. Tip of the hat to @Haozhun, who made the command more robust by explicitly using 0 as the return operand; he notes: per bash help of return [N]: "If N is omitted, the return status is that of the last command." As a result, the earlier version [which used just return, without an operand] produces incorrect result if the last command on the user's shell has a non-zero return value.


ksh

[[ "$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "$0")" && pwd -P)/$(basename -- "$0")" != "$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${.sh.file}")" && pwd -P)/$(basename -- "${.sh.file}")" ]] && sourced=1 || sourced=0

特殊变量${.sh。file}有点类似于$BASH_SOURCE;注意${.sh。File}会在bash、zsh和dash中导致语法错误,所以一定要在多shell脚本中有条件地执行它。

与bash不同,$0和${.sh。file}不能保证是相同的-在不同的时候,一个可能是相对路径或仅仅是文件名,而另一个可能是完整的文件名;因此,$0和${.sh。File}在比较之前必须解析为全路径。如果完整路径不同,则隐含了源。


zsh

[[ $ZSH_EVAL_CONTEXT =~ :file$) ]] && sourced=1 || sourced=0

$ZSH_EVAL_CONTEXT包含关于计算上下文:子字符串文件的信息,用:分隔,只有在脚本被引用时才会出现。

在源脚本的顶级作用域中,$ZSH_EVAL_CONTEXT以:file结尾,这就是这个测试的限制。在函数内部,:shfunc被追加到:file;在命令替换中追加:cmdsubst。


仅使用POSIX特性

如果您愿意做出某些假设,那么您可以根据可能正在执行脚本的shell的二进制文件名,对脚本是否被引用做出合理但并非万无一错的猜测。 值得注意的是,这意味着当您的脚本被另一个脚本引用时,这种方法不会检测到这种情况。

本回答中的“如何处理源调用”一节只详细讨论了POSIX特性无法处理的边缘情况。

检查二进制文件名依赖于$0的标准行为,例如,zsh就没有这种行为。

因此,最安全的方法是将上述健壮的、特定于shell的方法(不依赖于$0)与所有剩余shell的基于$0的回退解决方案结合起来。

简而言之:解决方案如下:

在包含特定于shell的测试的shell中:稳定地工作。 在所有其他shell中:仅当脚本直接来自这样的shell(而不是来自另一个脚本)时才能正常工作。

向Stéphane Desneux和他的灵感答案致敬(将我的跨shell语句表达式转换为sh兼容的if语句,并为其他shell添加一个处理程序)。

sourced=0
if [ -n "$ZSH_VERSION" ]; then 
  case $ZSH_EVAL_CONTEXT in *:file) sourced=1;; esac
elif [ -n "$KSH_VERSION" ]; then
  [ "$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "$0")" && pwd -P)/$(basename -- "$0")" != "$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${.sh.file}")" && pwd -P)/$(basename -- "${.sh.file}")" ] && sourced=1
elif [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then
  (return 0 2>/dev/null) && sourced=1 
else # All other shells: examine $0 for known shell binary filenames.
  # Detects `sh` and `dash`; add additional shell filenames as needed.
  case ${0##*/} in sh|-sh|dash|-dash) sourced=1;; esac
fi

注意,为了健壮性,每个shell二进制文件名(例如sh)都表示了两次——一次是原样,第二次是,前缀是-。这是为了考虑诸如macOS这样的环境,其中交互式shell作为登录shell启动,其自定义值为$0,该值是前缀为-的(无路径)shell文件名。谢谢,t7e。 (虽然sh和dash可能不太可能用作交互式shell,但您可能需要将其他shell添加到列表中。)


[1] user1902689发现[[$0 != "$BASH_SOURCE"]]在通过将其文件名传递给bash二进制文件执行位于$PATH中的脚本时,会产生假阳性;例如,bash my-script,因为$0只是my-script,而$BASH_SOURCE是完整路径。虽然您通常不会使用这种技术来调用$PATH中的脚本—您只会直接调用它们(my-script)—当与-x结合使用时,它对调试很有帮助。

$_是很脆弱的。你必须检查它作为你在脚本中做的第一件事。即使这样,它也不保证包含shell的名称(如果是源的)或脚本的名称(如果是执行的)。

例如,如果用户设置了BASH_ENV,那么在脚本的顶部,$_包含BASH_ENV脚本中执行的最后一个命令的名称。

我发现最好的方法是像这样使用0美元:

name="myscript.sh"

main()
{
    echo "Script was executed, running main..."
}

case "$0" in *$name)
    main "$@"
    ;;
esac

不幸的是,这种方式在zsh中并不能开箱使用,因为functionargzero选项的功能超出了它的名称,并且在默认情况下是打开的。

为了解决这个问题,我把unsetopt functionarg0放在我的.zshenv中。

看了@DennisWilliamson的回答后,有一些问题,如下所示:

因为这个问题代表ksh和bash,所以这个答案中还有一个关于ksh的部分…见下文。

简单的bash方式

[ "$0" = "$BASH_SOURCE" ]

让我们试试(在飞行中,因为bash可以;-):

source <(echo $'#!/bin/bash
           [ "$0" = "$BASH_SOURCE" ] && v=own || v=sourced;
           echo "process $$ is $v ($0, $BASH_SOURCE)" ')
process 29301 is sourced (bash, /dev/fd/63)

bash <(echo $'#!/bin/bash
           [ "$0" = "$BASH_SOURCE" ] && v=own || v=sourced;
           echo "process $$ is $v ($0, $BASH_SOURCE)" ')
process 16229 is own (/dev/fd/63, /dev/fd/63)

我用source代替off。对于可读性(如。是源的别名):

. <(echo $'#!/bin/bash
           [ "$0" = "$BASH_SOURCE" ] && v=own || v=sourced;
           echo "process $$ is $v ($0, $BASH_SOURCE)" ')
process 29301 is sourced (bash, /dev/fd/63)

注意,当进程保持源时,进程号不会改变:

echo $$
29301

为什么不使用$_ == $0比较

为了确保更多的情况,我开始编写一个真实的脚本:

#!/bin/bash

# As $_ could be used only once, uncomment one of two following lines

#printf '_="%s", 0="%s" and BASH_SOURCE="%s"\n' "$_" "$0" "$BASH_SOURCE"
[[ "$_" != "$0" ]] && DW_PURPOSE=sourced || DW_PURPOSE=subshell

[ "$0" = "$BASH_SOURCE" ] && BASH_KIND_ENV=own || BASH_KIND_ENV=sourced;
echo "proc: $$[ppid:$PPID] is $BASH_KIND_ENV (DW purpose: $DW_PURPOSE)"

复制到testscript文件:

cat >testscript   
chmod +x testscript

现在我们可以测试:

./testscript 
proc: 25758[ppid:24890] is own (DW purpose: subshell)

没关系。

. ./testscript 
proc: 24890[ppid:24885] is sourced (DW purpose: sourced)

source ./testscript 
proc: 24890[ppid:24885] is sourced (DW purpose: sourced)

没关系。

但是,在添加-x标志之前测试脚本:

bash ./testscript 
proc: 25776[ppid:24890] is own (DW purpose: sourced)

或者使用预定义的变量:

env PATH=/tmp/bintemp:$PATH ./testscript 
proc: 25948[ppid:24890] is own (DW purpose: sourced)

env SOMETHING=PREDEFINED ./testscript 
proc: 25972[ppid:24890] is own (DW purpose: sourced)

这已经不管用了。

将注释从第5行移到第6行会给出更易读的答案:

./testscript 
_="./testscript", 0="./testscript" and BASH_SOURCE="./testscript"
proc: 26256[ppid:24890] is own

. testscript 
_="_filedir", 0="bash" and BASH_SOURCE="testscript"
proc: 24890[ppid:24885] is sourced

source testscript 
_="_filedir", 0="bash" and BASH_SOURCE="testscript"
proc: 24890[ppid:24885] is sourced

bash testscript 
_="/bin/bash", 0="testscript" and BASH_SOURCE="testscript"
proc: 26317[ppid:24890] is own

env FILE=/dev/null ./testscript 
_="/usr/bin/env", 0="./testscript" and BASH_SOURCE="./testscript"
proc: 26336[ppid:24890] is own

更难:ksh现在…

由于我不经常使用ksh,在阅读了一些手册页后,有我的尝试:

#!/bin/ksh

set >/tmp/ksh-$$.log

复制到testfile.ksh:

cat >testfile.ksh
chmod +x testfile.ksh

而不是运行两次:

./testfile.ksh
. ./testfile.ksh

ls -l /tmp/ksh-*.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   2183 avr 11 13:48 /tmp/ksh-9725.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   2140 avr 11 13:48 /tmp/ksh-9781.log

echo $$
9725

看看:

diff /tmp/ksh-{9725,9781}.log | grep ^\> # OWN SUBSHELL:
> HISTCMD=0
> PPID=9725
> RANDOM=1626
> SECONDS=0.001
>   lineno=0
> SHLVL=3

diff /tmp/ksh-{9725,9781}.log | grep ^\< # SOURCED:
< COLUMNS=152
< HISTCMD=117
< LINES=47
< PPID=9163
< PS1='$ '
< RANDOM=29667
< SECONDS=23.652
<   level=1
<   lineno=1
< SHLVL=2

在源运行中继承了一些变量,但没有什么真正相关的…

你甚至可以检查$SECONDS是否接近0.000,但这是为了确保只有手工来源的情况……

你甚至可以试着检查parent是什么:

把它放在你的testfile.ksh:

ps $PPID

比:

./testfile.ksh
  PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMAND
32320 pts/4    Ss     0:00 -ksh

. ./testfile.ksh
  PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMAND
32319 ?        S      0:00 sshd: user@pts/4

或者ps ho cmd $PPID,但这只适用于一个级别的子会话…

对不起,我找不到一个可靠的方法来做,在ksh下。