对于那些在windows上使用Ionic Framework并且在他们的pc上没有安装Android studio的人，你必须下载Android studio或在列表中下载SDK管理器。

如果你选择SDK管理器选项，你必须设置环境变量的路径:

Variable name: ANDROID_HOME, Variable value: the path where you installed the android SDK, in my case is, C:\Android\android-sdk. You have to add the variable to the Path variable system by adding this: ;%ANDROID_HOME%\platform-tools;%ANDROID_HOME%\tools;. Then if you got the "JDK error" just download it from the Oracle website and create a system variable like the Android SDK: Variable name: JAVA_HOME, Variable value: the path where you installed the JDK, in my case is, C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144. Then add it to the Path variable system by adding ;%JAVA_HOME%\bin. Then if you got the "Gradle error" just fallow the installations steps on the official website of gradle. Finally you can continue to creating your ionic app's apk.

注意:你必须重新打开cmd窗口几次或重新启动你的电脑后做出这些改变。希望这对你有用。

Go to system properties. Click change setting. Click advance tab. Click Environment Variables button. In system variables area click new button. Set ANDROID_HOME in the Variable name field. Set C:\Program Files (x86)\Android\android-sdk in the Variable value field. Click ok button. Double click Path variable in the list. Click new button. Past C:\Program Files (x86)\Android\android-sdk\platform-tools in the filed. Click new button again. Past C:\Program Files (x86)\Android\android-sdk\tools in the field. Press enter 3 times.

这就是你所需要做的。

我不得不关闭并重新打开我的windows控制台(或打开一个新的控制台)，然后打开SDK管理器(运行android)，之后必须完成一系列更新和安装。

Windows:

    set ANDROID_HOME=C:\ *installation location* \android-sdk
    
    set PATH=%PATH%;%ANDROID_HOME%\tools;%ANDROID_HOME%\platform-tools

摘自本安装指南。

Android path set in linux:

$export ANDROID_HOME=/usr/lib/android-sdk-linux
$export PATH=$PATH:$ANDROID_HOME/tools
$export PATH=$PATH:$ANDROID_HOME/platforms-tools

than

$cordova run android

对于Windows，我只需要添加一个指向SDK文件夹的env变量。完成了! (公认的答案对我不起作用)