我可能有一个像下面这样的数组:
[1, 4, 2, 2, 6, 24, 15, 2, 60, 15, 6]
或者,实际上,任何类似类型的数据部分的序列。我要做的是确保每个相同的元素只有一个。例如,上面的数组将变成:
[1, 4, 2, 6, 24, 15, 60]
请注意,删除了2、6和15的重复项,以确保每个相同的元素中只有一个。Swift是否提供了一种容易做到这一点的方法,还是我必须自己做?
我可能有一个像下面这样的数组:
[1, 4, 2, 2, 6, 24, 15, 2, 60, 15, 6]
或者,实际上,任何类似类型的数据部分的序列。我要做的是确保每个相同的元素只有一个。例如,上面的数组将变成:
[1, 4, 2, 6, 24, 15, 60]
请注意,删除了2、6和15的重复项,以确保每个相同的元素中只有一个。Swift是否提供了一种容易做到这一点的方法,还是我必须自己做?
当前回答
如果你把两个扩展都放在你的代码中,更快的Hashable版本将在可能的情况下使用,Equatable版本将用作备用版本。
public extension Sequence where Element: Hashable {
/// The elements of the sequence, with duplicates removed.
/// - Note: Has equivalent elements to `Set(self)`.
@available(
swift, deprecated: 5.4,
message: "Doesn't compile without the constant in Swift 5.3."
)
var firstUniqueElements: [Element] {
let getSelf: (Element) -> Element = \.self
return firstUniqueElements(getSelf)
}
}
public extension Sequence where Element: Equatable {
/// The elements of the sequence, with duplicates removed.
/// - Note: Has equivalent elements to `Set(self)`.
@available(
swift, deprecated: 5.4,
message: "Doesn't compile without the constant in Swift 5.3."
)
var firstUniqueElements: [Element] {
let getSelf: (Element) -> Element = \.self
return firstUniqueElements(getSelf)
}
}
public extension Sequence {
/// The elements of the sequences, with "duplicates" removed
/// based on a closure.
func firstUniqueElements<Hashable: Swift.Hashable>(
_ getHashable: (Element) -> Hashable
) -> [Element] {
var set: Set<Hashable> = []
return filter { set.insert(getHashable($0)).inserted }
}
/// The elements of the sequence, with "duplicates" removed,
/// based on a closure.
func firstUniqueElements<Equatable: Swift.Equatable>(
_ getEquatable: (Element) -> Equatable
) -> [Element] {
reduce(into: []) { uniqueElements, element in
if zip(
uniqueElements.lazy.map(getEquatable),
AnyIterator { [equatable = getEquatable(element)] in equatable }
).allSatisfy(!=) {
uniqueElements.append(element)
}
}
}
}
如果顺序不重要,那么你总是可以使用这个Set初始化式。
其他回答
正如WWDC 2021所指出的那样,Swift有社区开发的算法、集合和数字包。算法包有一个唯一的()算法。
这些还不是Swift标准库的一部分。你目前可以从苹果的Github页面下载它们和/或通过Swift软件包管理器安装它们。
WWDC视频:
https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2021/10256/
Github页面:
https://github.com/apple/swift-algorithms
unique()和unique (on:)文档:
https://github.com/apple/swift-algorithms/blob/main/Guides/Unique.md
我相信提供一个uniq()和uniqInPlace()函数通过删除数组的值来改变数组是很好的。这类似于Swift提供的sort()和sortInPlace()函数。此外,由于它是一个数组,它应该保持它的原始元素顺序。
extension Array where Element: Equatable {
public func uniq() -> [Element] {
var arrayCopy = self
arrayCopy.uniqInPlace()
return arrayCopy
}
mutating public func uniqInPlace() {
var seen = [Element]()
var index = 0
for element in self {
if seen.contains(element) {
removeAtIndex(index)
} else {
seen.append(element)
index++
}
}
}
}
你只能在变量数组(即var)上使用uniqInPlace(),因为你不能改变常量数组(即let)。
一些用法示例:
var numbers = [1, 6, 2, 2, 4, 1, 5]
numbers.uniqInPlace() // array is now [1, 6, 2, 4, 5]
let strings = ["Y", "Z", "A", "Y", "B", "Y", "Z"]
let uniqStrings = strings.uniq() // uniqStrings is now ["Y", "Z", "A", "B"]
包含相等性检查,而插入检查哈希,最安全的检查方式如下:
extension Array where Element: Hashable {
/// Big O(N) version. Updated since @Adrian's comment.
var uniques: Array {
// Go front to back, add element to buffer if it isn't a repeat.
var buffer: [Element] = []
var dictionary: [Element: Int] = [:]
for element in self where dictionary[element] == nil {
buffer.append(element)
dictionary[element] = 1
}
return buffer
}
}
你可以自己卷,比如这样:
func unique<S : Sequence, T : Hashable>(source: S) -> [T] where S.Iterator.Element == T {
var buffer = [T]()
var added = Set<T>()
for elem in source {
if !added.contains(elem) {
buffer.append(elem)
added.insert(elem)
}
}
return buffer
}
let vals = [1, 4, 2, 2, 6, 24, 15, 2, 60, 15, 6]
let uniqueVals = uniq(vals) // [1, 4, 2, 6, 24, 15, 60]
作为Array的扩展:
extension Array where Element: Hashable {
func uniqued() -> Array {
var buffer = Array()
var added = Set<Element>()
for elem in self {
if !added.contains(elem) {
buffer.append(elem)
added.insert(elem)
}
}
return buffer
}
}
或者更优雅一点(Swift 4/5):
extension Sequence where Element: Hashable {
func uniqued() -> [Element] {
var set = Set<Element>()
return filter { set.insert($0).inserted }
}
}
将被使用:
[1,2,4,2,1].uniqued() // => [1,2,4]
在数组中保留唯一值和排序。
(使用Swift 3)
var top3score: [Int] = []
outerLoop: for i in 0..<top10score.count {
dlog(message: String(top10score[i]))
if top3score.count == 3 {
break
}
for aTop3score in top3score {
if aTop3score == top10score[i] {
continue outerLoop
}
}
top3score.append(top10score[i])
}
print("top10score is \(top10score)") //[14, 5, 5, 5, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2]
print("top3score is \(top3score)") //[14, 5, 3]