如何在c#中计算两个日期之间的月差?
c#中是否有相当于VB的DateDiff()方法。我需要找出相隔数年的两个日期之间的月差。文档说我可以像这样使用TimeSpan:
TimeSpan ts = date1 - date2;
但这里的数据是以天为单位的。我不想把这个数字除以30，因为不是每个月都是30天，而且两个操作数的值相差很大，所以我担心除以30可能会得到错误的值。
有什么建议吗?
当前回答
有3种情况:同一年，前一年和其他年份。
如果日期不重要的话……
public int GetTotalNumberOfMonths(DateTime start, DateTime end)
{
// work with dates in the right order
if (start > end)
{
var swapper = start;
start = end;
end = swapper;
}
switch (end.Year - start.Year)
{
case 0: // Same year
return end.Month - start.Month;
case 1: // last year
return (12 - start.Month) + end.Month;
default:
return 12 * (3 - (end.Year - start.Year)) + (12 - start.Month) + end.Month;
}
}
其他回答
基于上面出色的DateTimeSpan工作，我将代码规范化了一些;这似乎很有效:
public class DateTimeSpan
{
private DateTimeSpan() { }
private DateTimeSpan(int years, int months, int days, int hours, int minutes, int seconds, int milliseconds)
{
Years = years;
Months = months;
Days = days;
Hours = hours;
Minutes = minutes;
Seconds = seconds;
Milliseconds = milliseconds;
}
public int Years { get; private set; } = 0;
public int Months { get; private set; } = 0;
public int Days { get; private set; } = 0;
public int Hours { get; private set; } = 0;
public int Minutes { get; private set; } = 0;
public int Seconds { get; private set; } = 0;
public int Milliseconds { get; private set; } = 0;
public static DateTimeSpan CompareDates(DateTime StartDate, DateTime EndDate)
{
if (StartDate.Equals(EndDate)) return new DateTimeSpan();
DateTimeSpan R = new DateTimeSpan();
bool Later;
if (Later = StartDate > EndDate)
{
DateTime D = StartDate;
StartDate = EndDate;
EndDate = D;
}
// Calculate Date Stuff
for (DateTime D = StartDate.AddYears(1); D < EndDate; D = D.AddYears(1), R.Years++) ;
if (R.Years > 0) StartDate = StartDate.AddYears(R.Years);
for (DateTime D = StartDate.AddMonths(1); D < EndDate; D = D.AddMonths(1), R.Months++) ;
if (R.Months > 0) StartDate = StartDate.AddMonths(R.Months);
for (DateTime D = StartDate.AddDays(1); D < EndDate; D = D.AddDays(1), R.Days++) ;
if (R.Days > 0) StartDate = StartDate.AddDays(R.Days);
// Calculate Time Stuff
TimeSpan T1 = EndDate - StartDate;
R.Hours = T1.Hours;
R.Minutes = T1.Minutes;
R.Seconds = T1.Seconds;
R.Milliseconds = T1.Milliseconds;
// Return answer. Negate values if the Start Date was later than the End Date
if (Later)
return new DateTimeSpan(-R.Years, -R.Months, -R.Days, -R.Hours, -R.Minutes, -R.Seconds, -R.Milliseconds);
return R;
}
}
这是对Kirk Woll的回答的回应。我还没有足够的声望点来回复评论……
我喜欢Kirk的解决方案，并打算无耻地窃取它并在我的代码中使用它，但当我仔细查看它时，我意识到它太复杂了。不必要的切换和循环，以及使用毫无意义的公共构造函数。
以下是我的改写:
public class DateTimeSpan {
private DateTime _date1;
private DateTime _date2;
private int _years;
private int _months;
private int _days;
private int _hours;
private int _minutes;
private int _seconds;
private int _milliseconds;
public int Years { get { return _years; } }
public int Months { get { return _months; } }
public int Days { get { return _days; } }
public int Hours { get { return _hours; } }
public int Minutes { get { return _minutes; } }
public int Seconds { get { return _seconds; } }
public int Milliseconds { get { return _milliseconds; } }
public DateTimeSpan(DateTime date1, DateTime date2) {
_date1 = (date1 > date2) ? date1 : date2;
_date2 = (date2 < date1) ? date2 : date1;
_years = _date1.Year - _date2.Year;
_months = (_years * 12) + _date1.Month - _date2.Month;
TimeSpan t = (_date2 - _date1);
_days = t.Days;
_hours = t.Hours;
_minutes = t.Minutes;
_seconds = t.Seconds;
_milliseconds = t.Milliseconds;
}
public static DateTimeSpan CompareDates(DateTime date1, DateTime date2) {
return new DateTimeSpan(date1, date2);
}
}
用法1，基本相同:
void Main()
{
DateTime compareTo = DateTime.Parse("8/13/2010 8:33:21 AM");
DateTime now = DateTime.Parse("2/9/2012 10:10:11 AM");
var dateSpan = new DateTimeSpan(compareTo, now);
Console.WriteLine("Years: " + dateSpan.Years);
Console.WriteLine("Months: " + dateSpan.Months);
Console.WriteLine("Days: " + dateSpan.Days);
Console.WriteLine("Hours: " + dateSpan.Hours);
Console.WriteLine("Minutes: " + dateSpan.Minutes);
Console.WriteLine("Seconds: " + dateSpan.Seconds);
Console.WriteLine("Milliseconds: " + dateSpan.Milliseconds);
}
Usage2类似:
void Main()
{
DateTime compareTo = DateTime.Parse("8/13/2010 8:33:21 AM");
DateTime now = DateTime.Parse("2/9/2012 10:10:11 AM");
Console.WriteLine("Years: " + DateTimeSpan.CompareDates(compareTo, now).Years);
Console.WriteLine("Months: " + DateTimeSpan.CompareDates(compareTo, now).Months);
Console.WriteLine("Days: " + DateTimeSpan.CompareDates(compareTo, now).Days);
Console.WriteLine("Hours: " + DateTimeSpan.CompareDates(compareTo, now).Hours);
Console.WriteLine("Minutes: " + DateTimeSpan.CompareDates(compareTo, now).Minutes);
Console.WriteLine("Seconds: " + DateTimeSpan.CompareDates(compareTo, now).Seconds);
Console.WriteLine("Milliseconds: " + DateTimeSpan.CompareDates(compareTo, now).Milliseconds);
}
假设这个月的日期不相关(即2011.1.1和2010.12.31之间的差为1)，date1 > date2为正值，date2 > date1为负值
((date1.Year - date2.Year) * 12) + date1.Month - date2.Month
或者，假设你想要两个日期之间的“平均月”的大致数字，下面的方法应该适用于所有日期，但日期差异非常大。
date1.Subtract(date2).Days / (365.25 / 12)
注意，如果您要使用后一种解决方案，那么您的单元测试应该声明应用程序设计使用的最宽日期范围，并相应地验证计算结果。
更新(感谢Gary)
如果使用“平均月份”方法，“每年平均天数”的更准确数字是365.2425。
扩展的Kirks结构与ToString(格式)和持续时间(长ms)
public struct DateTimeSpan
{
private readonly int years;
private readonly int months;
private readonly int days;
private readonly int hours;
private readonly int minutes;
private readonly int seconds;
private readonly int milliseconds;
public DateTimeSpan(int years, int months, int days, int hours, int minutes, int seconds, int milliseconds)
{
this.years = years;
this.months = months;
this.days = days;
this.hours = hours;
this.minutes = minutes;
this.seconds = seconds;
this.milliseconds = milliseconds;
}
public int Years { get { return years; } }
public int Months { get { return months; } }
public int Days { get { return days; } }
public int Hours { get { return hours; } }
public int Minutes { get { return minutes; } }
public int Seconds { get { return seconds; } }
public int Milliseconds { get { return milliseconds; } }
enum Phase { Years, Months, Days, Done }
public string ToString(string format)
{
format = format.Replace("YYYY", Years.ToString());
format = format.Replace("MM", Months.ToString());
format = format.Replace("DD", Days.ToString());
format = format.Replace("hh", Hours.ToString());
format = format.Replace("mm", Minutes.ToString());
format = format.Replace("ss", Seconds.ToString());
format = format.Replace("ms", Milliseconds.ToString());
return format;
}
public static DateTimeSpan Duration(long ms)
{
DateTime dt = new DateTime();
return CompareDates(dt, dt.AddMilliseconds(ms));
}
public static DateTimeSpan CompareDates(DateTime date1, DateTime date2)
{
if (date2 < date1)
{
var sub = date1;
date1 = date2;
date2 = sub;
}
DateTime current = date1;
int years = 0;
int months = 0;
int days = 0;
Phase phase = Phase.Years;
DateTimeSpan span = new DateTimeSpan();
while (phase != Phase.Done)
{
switch (phase)
{
case Phase.Years:
if (current.AddYears(years + 1) > date2)
{
phase = Phase.Months;
current = current.AddYears(years);
}
else
{
years++;
}
break;
case Phase.Months:
if (current.AddMonths(months + 1) > date2)
{
phase = Phase.Days;
current = current.AddMonths(months);
}
else
{
months++;
}
break;
case Phase.Days:
if (current.AddDays(days + 1) > date2)
{
current = current.AddDays(days);
var timespan = date2 - current;
span = new DateTimeSpan(years, months, days, timespan.Hours, timespan.Minutes, timespan.Seconds, timespan.Milliseconds);
phase = Phase.Done;
}
else
{
days++;
}
break;
}
}
return span;
}
}
您可以使用以下扩展: 代码
public static class Ext
{
#region Public Methods
public static int GetAge(this DateTime @this)
{
var today = DateTime.Today;
return ((((today.Year - @this.Year) * 100) + (today.Month - @this.Month)) * 100 + today.Day - @this.Day) / 10000;
}
public static int DiffMonths(this DateTime @from, DateTime @to)
{
return (((((@to.Year - @from.Year) * 12) + (@to.Month - @from.Month)) * 100 + @to.Day - @from.Day) / 100);
}
public static int DiffYears(this DateTime @from, DateTime @to)
{
return ((((@to.Year - @from.Year) * 100) + (@to.Month - @from.Month)) * 100 + @to.Day - @from.Day) / 10000;
}
#endregion Public Methods
}
实现!
int Age;
int years;
int Months;
//Replace your own date
var d1 = new DateTime(2000, 10, 22);
var d2 = new DateTime(2003, 10, 20);
//Age
Age = d1.GetAge();
Age = d2.GetAge();
//positive
years = d1.DiffYears(d2);
Months = d1.DiffMonths(d2);
//negative
years = d2.DiffYears(d1);
Months = d2.DiffMonths(d1);
//Or
Months = Ext.DiffMonths(d1, d2);
years = Ext.DiffYears(d1, d2);
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