React钩子引入了useState来设置组件状态。但是我如何使用钩子来替换下面的回调代码:
setState(
{ name: "Michael" },
() => console.log(this.state)
);
我想在状态更新后做一些事情。
我知道我可以使用useEffect来做额外的事情,但我必须检查之前的状态值,这需要位代码。我正在寻找一个简单的解决方案,可以使用useState挂钩。
React钩子引入了useState来设置组件状态。但是我如何使用钩子来替换下面的回调代码:
setState(
{ name: "Michael" },
() => console.log(this.state)
);
我想在状态更新后做一些事情。
我知道我可以使用useEffect来做额外的事情,但我必须检查之前的状态值,这需要位代码。我正在寻找一个简单的解决方案,可以使用useState挂钩。
当前回答
我有一个用例,我想做一个api调用与一些参数后的状态设置。我不想设置这些参数作为我的状态,所以我做了一个自定义钩子,这是我的解决方案
import { useState, useCallback, useRef, useEffect } from 'react';
import _isFunction from 'lodash/isFunction';
import _noop from 'lodash/noop';
export const useStateWithCallback = initialState => {
const [state, setState] = useState(initialState);
const callbackRef = useRef(_noop);
const handleStateChange = useCallback((updatedState, callback) => {
setState(updatedState);
if (_isFunction(callback)) callbackRef.current = callback;
}, []);
useEffect(() => {
callbackRef.current();
callbackRef.current = _noop; // to clear the callback after it is executed
}, [state]);
return [state, handleStateChange];
};
其他回答
你可以使用以下方法,我知道获得更新后的最新状态:
useEffect https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#useeffect
const [state, setState] = useState({name: "Michael"});
const handleChangeName = () => {
setState({name: "Jack"});
}
useEffect(() => {
console.log(state.name); //"Jack"
//do something here
}, [state]);
功能更新 https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#functional-updates 如果新的状态是用之前的状态计算出来的,你可以传递一个函数给setState。该函数将接收之前的值,并返回更新后的值。”
const [state, setState] = useState({name: "Michael"});
const handleChangeName = () => {
setState({name: "Jack"})
setState(prevState => {
console.log(prevState.name);//"Jack"
//do something here
// return updated state
return prevState;
});
}
useRef https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#useref 返回的ref对象将在组件的整个生命周期内持续存在。
const [state, setState] = useState({name: "Michael"});
const stateRef = useRef(state);
stateRef.current = state;
const handleClick = () => {
setState({name: "Jack"});
setTimeout(() => {
//it refers to old state object
console.log(state.name);// "Michael";
//out of syntheticEvent and after batch update
console.log(stateRef.current.name);//"Jack"
//do something here
}, 0);
}
在react synticevent处理程序中,setState是一个批量更新过程,因此每次状态更改都会等待并返回一个新状态。 setState()并不总是立即更新组件。它可以批处理或延迟更新。", https://reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#setstate
这里有一个有用的链接 React是否保持状态更新的顺序?
我有一个用例,我想做一个api调用与一些参数后的状态设置。我不想设置这些参数作为我的状态,所以我做了一个自定义钩子,这是我的解决方案
import { useState, useCallback, useRef, useEffect } from 'react';
import _isFunction from 'lodash/isFunction';
import _noop from 'lodash/noop';
export const useStateWithCallback = initialState => {
const [state, setState] = useState(initialState);
const callbackRef = useRef(_noop);
const handleStateChange = useCallback((updatedState, callback) => {
setState(updatedState);
if (_isFunction(callback)) callbackRef.current = callback;
}, []);
useEffect(() => {
callbackRef.current();
callbackRef.current = _noop; // to clear the callback after it is executed
}, [state]);
return [state, handleStateChange];
};
如果你想要更新之前的状态,那么你可以在hooks中这样做:
const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
setCount(previousCount => previousCount + 1);
用useEffect模拟setState回调,只在状态更新时触发(不是初始状态):
const [state, setState] = useState({ name: "Michael" })
const isFirstRender = useRef(true)
useEffect(() => {
if (isFirstRender.current) {
isFirstRender.current = false // toggle flag after first render/mounting
return;
}
console.log(state) // do something after state has updated
}, [state])
自定义钩子useEffectUpdate
function useEffectUpdate(callback) {
const isFirstRender = useRef(true);
useEffect(() => {
if (isFirstRender.current) {
isFirstRender.current = false; // toggle flag after first render/mounting
return;
}
callback(); // performing action after state has updated
}, [callback]);
}
// client usage, given some state dep
const cb = useCallback(() => { console.log(state) }, [state]); // memoize callback
useEffectUpdate(cb);
我们可以写一个叫做useScheduleNextRenderCallback的钩子,它返回一个“schedule”函数。在我们调用setState之后,我们可以调用“schedule”函数,传递一个我们希望在下次呈现时运行的回调。
import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef } from "react";
type ScheduledCallback = () => void;
export const useScheduleNextRenderCallback = () => {
const ref = useRef<ScheduledCallback>();
useEffect(() => {
if (ref.current !== undefined) {
ref.current();
ref.current = undefined;
}
});
const schedule = useCallback((fn: ScheduledCallback) => {
ref.current = fn;
}, []);
return schedule;
};
使用示例:
const App = () => {
const scheduleNextRenderCallback = useScheduleNextRenderCallback();
const [state, setState] = useState(0);
const onClick = useCallback(() => {
setState(state => state + 1);
scheduleNextRenderCallback(() => {
console.log("next render");
});
}, []);
return <button onClick={onClick}>click me to update state</button>;
};
简化的测试用例:https://stackblitz.com/edit/react-ts-rjd9jk