np.random.seed做什么?
np.random.seed(0)
np.random.seed做什么?
np.random.seed(0)
当前回答
Numpy文档中有一个很好的解释: https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy-1.15.1/reference/generated/numpy.random.RandomState.html 它指的是梅森扭扭伪随机数发生器。关于算法的更多细节,请访问:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mersenne_Twister
其他回答
Numpy文档中有一个很好的解释: https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy-1.15.1/reference/generated/numpy.random.RandomState.html 它指的是梅森扭扭伪随机数发生器。关于算法的更多细节,请访问:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mersenne_Twister
如果你每次调用numpy的其他随机函数时都设置np.random.seed(a_fixed_number),结果将是相同的:
>>> import numpy as np
>>> np.random.seed(0)
>>> perm = np.random.permutation(10)
>>> print perm
[2 8 4 9 1 6 7 3 0 5]
>>> np.random.seed(0)
>>> print np.random.permutation(10)
[2 8 4 9 1 6 7 3 0 5]
>>> np.random.seed(0)
>>> print np.random.permutation(10)
[2 8 4 9 1 6 7 3 0 5]
>>> np.random.seed(0)
>>> print np.random.permutation(10)
[2 8 4 9 1 6 7 3 0 5]
>>> np.random.seed(0)
>>> print np.random.rand(4)
[0.5488135 0.71518937 0.60276338 0.54488318]
>>> np.random.seed(0)
>>> print np.random.rand(4)
[0.5488135 0.71518937 0.60276338 0.54488318]
然而,如果你只调用它一次,并使用各种随机函数,结果仍然会不同:
>>> import numpy as np
>>> np.random.seed(0)
>>> perm = np.random.permutation(10)
>>> print perm
[2 8 4 9 1 6 7 3 0 5]
>>> np.random.seed(0)
>>> print np.random.permutation(10)
[2 8 4 9 1 6 7 3 0 5]
>>> print np.random.permutation(10)
[3 5 1 2 9 8 0 6 7 4]
>>> print np.random.permutation(10)
[2 3 8 4 5 1 0 6 9 7]
>>> print np.random.rand(4)
[0.64817187 0.36824154 0.95715516 0.14035078]
>>> print np.random.rand(4)
[0.87008726 0.47360805 0.80091075 0.52047748]
上面的所有答案都展示了np.random.seed()在代码中的实现。我会尽量简单地解释为什么会发生这种情况。计算机是基于预先定义的算法设计的机器。计算机的任何输出都是对输入执行算法的结果。所以当我们要求计算机生成随机数时,当然它们是随机的,但计算机并不是随机产生的!
因此,当我们编写np.random.seed(any_number_here)时,算法将输出一个特定的数字集,该数字集对参数any_number_here是唯一的。这就好像我们传递正确的参数就能得到一组特定的随机数。但这需要我们知道算法是如何工作的,这很乏味。
因此,例如,如果我写np.random.seed(10),我得到的特定数字集将保持不变,即使我在10年后执行同一行,除非算法改变。
随机种子指定计算机生成随机数序列时的起始点。
For example, let’s say you wanted to generate a random number in Excel (Note: Excel sets a limit of 9999 for the seed). If you enter a number into the Random Seed box during the process, you’ll be able to use the same set of random numbers again. If you typed “77” into the box, and typed “77” the next time you run the random number generator, Excel will display that same set of random numbers. If you type “99”, you’ll get an entirely different set of numbers. But if you revert back to a seed of 77, then you’ll get the same set of random numbers you started with.
例如,“取一个数x,加上900 +x,然后减去52。”为了使进程开始,您必须指定一个起始数字x(种子)。让我们以77为例:
900 + 77 = 977 减去52 = 925 按照相同的算法,第二个“随机”数将是:
900 + 925 = 1825 减去52 = 1773 这个简单的例子遵循一个模式,但是计算机数字生成背后的算法要复杂得多
我在神经网络中经常用到这个。众所周知,当我们开始训练神经网络时,我们会随机初始化权重。该模型在特定数据集上的这些权重上进行训练。在数代之后,你得到了一组训练好的权重。
Now suppose you want to again train from scratch or you want to pass the model to others to reproduce your results, the weights will be again initialised to a random numbers which mostly will be different from earlier ones. The obtained trained weights after same number of epochs ( keeping same data and other parameters ) as earlier one will differ. The problem is your model is no more reproducible that is every time you train your model from scratch it provides you different sets of weights. This is because the model is being initialized by different random numbers every time.
如果每次你从头开始训练时,模型初始化到相同的随机初始化权重集会怎样?在这种情况下,您的模型可以变得可重复。这是通过numpy.random.seed(0)实现的。通过将seed()提到一个特定的数字,您将始终保留相同的随机数集。