一种简单的方法是使用iter_tools排列

# If you are given a list

numList = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]

# and you are asked to find the number of three sums that add to a particular number

target = 10
# How you could come up with the answer?

from itertools import permutations

good_permutations = []

for p in permutations(numList, 3):
    if sum(p) == target:
        good_permutations.append(p)

print(good_permutations)

结果是:

[(1, 2, 7), (1, 3, 6), (1, 4, 5), (1, 5, 4), (1, 6, 3), (1, 7, 2), (2, 1, 7), (2, 3, 
5), (2, 5, 3), (2, 7, 1), (3, 1, 6), (3, 2, 5), (3, 5, 2), (3, 6, 1), (4, 1, 5), (4, 
5, 1), (5, 1, 4), (5, 2, 3), (5, 3, 2), (5, 4, 1), (6, 1, 3), (6, 3, 1), (7, 1, 2), 
(7, 2, 1)]

注意，顺序很重要——即1,2,7也表示为2,1,7和7,1,2。您可以通过使用集合来减少这种情况。

生成器是一种简单的编写方法:

from __future__ import division
# ^- so that 3/2 is 1.5 not 1

def averages( lst ):
    it = iter(lst) # Get a iterator over the list
    first = next(it)
    for item in it:
        yield (first+item)/2
        first = item

print list(averages(range(1,11)))
# [1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, 8.5, 9.5]

尝试使用列表理解。喜欢的东西:

new_list = [(old_list[i] + old_list[i+1])/2 for i in range(len(old_list-1))]

本着itertools的精神。灵感来自双人食谱。

from itertools import tee, izip

def average(iterable):
    "s -> (s0,s1)/2.0, (s1,s2)/2.0, ..."
    a, b = tee(iterable)
    next(b, None)
    return ((x+y)/2.0 for x, y in izip(a, b))

例子:

>>>list(average([1,2,3,4,5]))
[1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5]
>>>list(average([1,20,31,45,56,0,0]))
[10.5, 25.5, 38.0, 50.5, 28.0, 0.0]
>>>list(average(average([1,2,3,4,5])))
[2.0, 3.0, 4.0]

感谢Karl Knechtel，我能够理解你的问题。我的解释:

你想要一个包含元素i和i+1的平均值的新列表。 你需要对列表中的每个元素求和。

第一个问题使用匿名函数(又名。Lambda函数):

s = lambda l: [(l[0]+l[1])/2.] + s(l[1:]) if len(l)>1 else []  #assuming you want result as float
s = lambda l: [(l[0]+l[1])//2] + s(l[1:]) if len(l)>1 else []  #assuming you want floor result

第二个问题也使用匿名函数(aka。Lambda函数):

p = lambda l: l[0] + p(l[1:]) if l!=[] else 0

这两个问题合并在一行代码中:

s = lambda l: (l[0]+l[1])/2. + s(l[1:]) if len(l)>1 else 0  #assuming you want result as float
s = lambda l: (l[0]+l[1])/2. + s(l[1:]) if len(l)>1 else 0  #assuming you want floor result

使用最适合你需要的那个

简短而简单:

def ave(x,y):
  return (x + y) / 2.0

map(ave, a[:-1], a[1:])

这是它的样子:

>>> a = range(10)
>>> map(ave, a[:-1], a[1:])
[0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, 8.5]

由于Python在处理两个列表上的映射时有些愚蠢，你必须截断列表a[:-1]。如果你使用itertools.imap，它会像你期望的那样工作:

>>> import itertools
>>> itertools.imap(ave, a, a[1:])
<itertools.imap object at 0x1005c3990>
>>> list(_)
[0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, 8.5]