我正在尝试将浏览器指向另一个页面。如果我想要GET请求,我可以说
document.location.href = 'http://example.com/q=a';
但是,除非我使用POST请求,否则我试图访问的资源将无法正确响应。如果这不是动态生成的,我可能会使用HTML
<form action="http://example.com/" method="POST">
<input type="hidden" name="q" value="a">
</form>
然后我只需从DOM提交表单。
但实际上,我希望JavaScript代码能够让我说
post_to_url('http://example.com/', {'q':'a'});
最好的跨浏览器实现是什么?
我需要一个改变浏览器位置的解决方案,就像提交表单一样。这不应该是异步的,也不应该使用XML,因此Ajax不是答案。
我用来发布和引导用户自动到另一个页面的方法是只写一个隐藏表单,然后自动提交。请确保隐藏表单在网页上绝对不会占用空间。代码应该是这样的:
<form name="form1" method="post" action="somepage.php">
<input name="fielda" type="text" id="fielda" type="hidden">
<textarea name="fieldb" id="fieldb" cols="" rows="" style="display:none"></textarea>
</form>
document.getElementById('fielda').value="some text for field a";
document.getElementById('fieldb').innerHTML="some text for multiline fieldb";
form1.submit();
自动提交申请
自动提交的应用程序会将用户自动放入另一页的表单值引导回该页。此类应用程序如下所示:
fieldapost=<?php echo $_post['fielda'];>
if (fieldapost !="") {
document.write("<form name='form1' method='post' action='previouspage.php'>
<input name='fielda' type='text' id='fielda' type='hidden'>
</form>");
document.getElementById('fielda').value=fieldapost;
form1.submit();
}
在表单中动态创建<input>并提交
/**
* sends a request to the specified url from a form. this will change the window location.
* @param {string} path the path to send the post request to
* @param {object} params the parameters to add to the url
* @param {string} [method=post] the method to use on the form
*/
function post(path, params, method='post') {
// The rest of this code assumes you are not using a library.
// It can be made less verbose if you use one.
const form = document.createElement('form');
form.method = method;
form.action = path;
for (const key in params) {
if (params.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
const hiddenField = document.createElement('input');
hiddenField.type = 'hidden';
hiddenField.name = key;
hiddenField.value = params[key];
form.appendChild(hiddenField);
}
}
document.body.appendChild(form);
form.submit();
}
例子:
post('/contact/', {name: 'Johnny Bravo'});
编辑:既然这件事得到了如此多的支持,我猜人们会大量复制粘贴这件事。所以我添加了hasOwnProperty检查,以修复任何意外的错误。
好吧,希望我读过所有其他帖子,这样我就不会浪费时间从Rakesh Pai的回答中创建这些帖子了。这里有一个递归解决方案,可以处理数组和对象。不依赖jQuery。
添加了一个段来处理整个表单应该像数组一样提交的情况。(即,项目列表周围没有包装对象)
/**
* Posts javascript data to a url using form.submit().
* Note: Handles json and arrays.
* @param {string} path - url where the data should be sent.
* @param {string} data - data as javascript object (JSON).
* @param {object} options -- optional attributes
* {
* {string} method: get/post/put/etc,
* {string} arrayName: name to post arraylike data. Only necessary when root data object is an array.
* }
* @example postToUrl('/UpdateUser', {Order {Id: 1, FirstName: 'Sally'}});
*/
function postToUrl(path, data, options) {
if (options === undefined) {
options = {};
}
var method = options.method || "post"; // Set method to post by default if not specified.
var form = document.createElement("form");
form.setAttribute("method", method);
form.setAttribute("action", path);
function constructElements(item, parentString) {
for (var key in item) {
if (item.hasOwnProperty(key) && item[key] != null) {
if (Object.prototype.toString.call(item[key]) === '[object Array]') {
for (var i = 0; i < item[key].length; i++) {
constructElements(item[key][i], parentString + key + "[" + i + "].");
}
} else if (Object.prototype.toString.call(item[key]) === '[object Object]') {
constructElements(item[key], parentString + key + ".");
} else {
var hiddenField = document.createElement("input");
hiddenField.setAttribute("type", "hidden");
hiddenField.setAttribute("name", parentString + key);
hiddenField.setAttribute("value", item[key]);
form.appendChild(hiddenField);
}
}
}
}
//if the parent 'data' object is an array we need to treat it a little differently
if (Object.prototype.toString.call(data) === '[object Array]') {
if (options.arrayName === undefined) console.warn("Posting array-type to url will doubtfully work without an arrayName defined in options.");
//loop through each array item at the parent level
for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
constructElements(data[i], (options.arrayName || "") + "[" + i + "].");
}
} else {
//otherwise treat it normally
constructElements(data, "");
}
document.body.appendChild(form);
form.submit();
};
Prototype库包含一个Hashtable对象和一个“.toQueryString()”方法,它允许您轻松地将JavaScript对象/结构转换为查询字符串样式的字符串。由于post要求请求的“主体”是查询字符串格式的字符串,这允许Ajax请求作为post正常工作。以下是使用原型的示例:
$req = new Ajax.Request("http://foo.com/bar.php",{
method: 'post',
parameters: $H({
name: 'Diodeus',
question: 'JavaScript posts a request like a form request',
...
}).toQueryString();
};
Rakesh Pai的回答令人惊讶,但当我试图发布一个名为submit的表单时,我(在Safari中)遇到了一个问题。例如,post_to_url(“http://google.com/“,{submit:”submit“});。我已经稍微修补了该函数,以避免这种变量空间冲突。
function post_to_url(path, params, method) {
method = method || "post";
var form = document.createElement("form");
//Move the submit function to another variable
//so that it doesn't get overwritten.
form._submit_function_ = form.submit;
form.setAttribute("method", method);
form.setAttribute("action", path);
for(var key in params) {
var hiddenField = document.createElement("input");
hiddenField.setAttribute("type", "hidden");
hiddenField.setAttribute("name", key);
hiddenField.setAttribute("value", params[key]);
form.appendChild(hiddenField);
}
document.body.appendChild(form);
form._submit_function_(); //Call the renamed function.
}
post_to_url("http://google.com/", { submit: "submit" } ); //Works!
下面是我如何使用jQuery编写它的。在Firefox和Internet Explorer中测试。
function postToUrl(url, params, newWindow) {
var form = $('<form>');
form.attr('action', url);
form.attr('method', 'POST');
if(newWindow){ form.attr('target', '_blank');
}
var addParam = function(paramName, paramValue) {
var input = $('<input type="hidden">');
input.attr({ 'id': paramName,
'name': paramName,
'value': paramValue });
form.append(input);
};
// Params is an Array.
if(params instanceof Array){
for(var i=0; i<params.length; i++) {
addParam(i, params[i]);
}
}
// Params is an Associative array or Object.
if(params instanceof Object) {
for(var key in params){
addParam(key, params[key]);
}
}
// Submit the form, then remove it from the page
form.appendTo(document.body);
form.submit();
form.remove();
}