我只是在Ubuntu虚拟机上做了这个。我是这样做的。

Ubuntu comes with the Java JRE installed, but not the JDK. Java -version gives the JRE, not the JDK. Run javac -version. If the JDK isn't installed, you will get an error. Run the following command in the terminal to get the JDK: sudo apt install default-jdk. Now, run which javac. The output should be /usr/bin/javac. It has now been installed. IntelliJ won't let us use this path because it is the binary of javac. Go to Project Structure > Project Settings > Project. Where it says 'Project SDK', add a JDK. Then go to /usr/lib/jvm. Now you should be able to compile java projects in IntellIJ.

您可能必须编辑配置，以便IntelliJ知道在哪里查找您的主类。执行命令>编辑配置。为main类添加主类，并将项目的根目录添加为Working目录。

步骤01:下载JDK

从oracle官方网站下载JDK版本: [Oracle网站下载JDK]: https://www.oracle.com/in/java/technologies/javase-downloads.html

 e.i - jdk-11.0.12_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz

步骤02:安装:

a)使用以下命令解压下载的文件

sudo -tar -vzxf jdk-11.0.12_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz

b)在usr/lib目录下创建一个名为java的目录

mkdir java

c)将解压后的jdk-11.0.12目录移动到新创建的目录java中

sudo mv jdk-11.0.12 /usr/lib/java

03步:

a)依次执行以下命令

sudo update-alternative -install /usr/lib/java java /usr/lib/java/jdk-11.0.12/bin/java 1

sudo update-alternative -install /usr/lib/javac javac /usr/lib/java/jdk-11.0.12/bin/javac 1

步骤04:安装验证:

使用以下命令验证安装结果

 java --version
 javac --version

在Debian上你可以试试

apt-get install default-jdk

参考问Ubuntu问题如何设置OpenJDK的JAVA_HOME ?，

如何在Ubuntu (Linux)下安装Open JDK (Java开发工具包)?

Open Terminal from Application Dash or press Ctrl+Alt+T Update repository: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:openjdk-r/ppa # only Ubuntu 17.4 and earlier sudo apt update Optional: To search available distributions of openjdk, use the following command: apt search openjdk Install the appropriate version with the following command: sudo apt install openjdk-8-jdk sudo apt install openjdk-8-source #this is optional, the jdk source code For JAVA_HOME (Environment Variable) type command as shown below, in "Terminal" using your installation path... export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk (Note: /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk is symbolically used here just for demostration. You should use your path as per your installation.) For PATH (Environment Variable) type command as shown below, in Terminal: export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin To check your installation: java -version

注:WebUpd8团队的PPA已于2019年4月16日终止。因此，这个PPA没有任何Java文件。更多信息可以在PPA的Launchpad页面上找到。因此，由于历史原因，下面的方法不再适用和存在。

如果您想安装最新的JDK 1.8，请使用webupd8team PPA。

在系统中添加存储库:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update

您现在可以使用以下命令安装Oracle Java 8:

sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

这个ppa存储库还提供了一个包来自动设置环境变量。类型:

sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-set-default

安装Oracle的Java JDK要求您在开始安装之前接受Oracle许可证。这只需要一次。如果出于某种原因需要自动化安装，可以运行以下命令在没有用户交互的情况下进行安装，例如，这对于自动脚本很有用。

sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
echo debconf shared/accepted-oracle-license-v1-1 select true | sudo debconf-set-selections
echo debconf shared/accepted-oracle-license-v1-1 seen true | sudo debconf-set-selections
sudo apt-get -y install oracle-java8-installer
java -version