对于跨语言项目，我发现包含RfC 3339日期的字符串是最好的方法。RfC 3339日期如下所示:

  1985-04-12T23:20:50.52Z

我认为大部分格式都是显而易见的。唯一有点不同寻常的可能是结尾的“Z”。它代表GMT/UTC。您还可以添加时区偏移，例如CEST(德国夏季)的+02:00。我个人更喜欢将所有内容都保持UTC格式，直到显示出来。

为了显示、比较和存储，您可以在所有语言中使用字符串格式。如果你需要日期进行计算，很容易将其转换回大多数语言的原生日期对象。

这样生成JSON:

  json.dump(datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ'))

不幸的是，Javascript的Date构造函数不接受RfC 3339字符串，但在互联网上有很多可用的解析器。

huTools。hujson试图处理你在Python代码中可能遇到的最常见的编码问题，包括正确处理时区的date/datetime对象。

你可以将'default'参数添加到json中。转储来处理这个:

date_handler = lambda obj: (
    obj.isoformat()
    if isinstance(obj, (datetime.datetime, datetime.date))
    else None
)
json.dumps(datetime.datetime.now(), default=date_handler)
'"2010-04-20T20:08:21.634121"'

这是ISO 8601格式。

一个更全面的默认处理函数:

def handler(obj):
    if hasattr(obj, 'isoformat'):
        return obj.isoformat()
    elif isinstance(obj, ...):
        return ...
    else:
        raise TypeError, 'Object of type %s with value of %s is not JSON serializable' % (type(obj), repr(obj))

更新:增加了类型和值的输出。 更新:也处理日期

简单地这样做:

r = json.dumps(your_json_data, default=str)
your_json_data = json.loads(r)

我的建议是使用图书馆。在pypi.org上可以找到几个。

我用这个，它工作得很好:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/asjson

Here's a fairly complete solution for recursively encoding and decoding datetime.datetime and datetime.date objects using the standard library json module. This needs Python >= 2.6 since the %f format code in the datetime.datetime.strptime() format string is only supported in since then. For Python 2.5 support, drop the %f and strip the microseconds from the ISO date string before trying to convert it, but you'll loose microseconds precision, of course. For interoperability with ISO date strings from other sources, which may include a time zone name or UTC offset, you may also need to strip some parts of the date string before the conversion. For a complete parser for ISO date strings (and many other date formats) see the third-party dateutil module.

只有当ISO日期字符串是JavaScript中的值时，解码才有效 文字对象表示法或在对象内的嵌套结构中。ISO日期 作为顶级数组项的字符串将不会被解码。

例如:

date = datetime.datetime.now()
>>> json = dumps(dict(foo='bar', innerdict=dict(date=date)))
>>> json
'{"innerdict": {"date": "2010-07-15T13:16:38.365579"}, "foo": "bar"}'
>>> loads(json)
{u'innerdict': {u'date': datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 15, 13, 16, 38, 365579)},
u'foo': u'bar'}

还有这个:

>>> json = dumps(['foo', 'bar', dict(date=date)])
>>> json
'["foo", "bar", {"date": "2010-07-15T13:16:38.365579"}]'
>>> loads(json)
[u'foo', u'bar', {u'date': datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 15, 13, 16, 38, 365579)}]

但这并不是预期的那样:

>>> json = dumps(['foo', 'bar', date])
>>> json
'["foo", "bar", "2010-07-15T13:16:38.365579"]'
>>> loads(json)
[u'foo', u'bar', u'2010-07-15T13:16:38.365579']

代码如下:

__all__ = ['dumps', 'loads']

import datetime

try:
    import json
except ImportError:
    import simplejson as json

class JSONDateTimeEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
    def default(self, obj):
        if isinstance(obj, (datetime.date, datetime.datetime)):
            return obj.isoformat()
        else:
            return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj)

def datetime_decoder(d):
    if isinstance(d, list):
        pairs = enumerate(d)
    elif isinstance(d, dict):
        pairs = d.items()
    result = []
    for k,v in pairs:
        if isinstance(v, basestring):
            try:
                # The %f format code is only supported in Python >= 2.6.
                # For Python <= 2.5 strip off microseconds
                # v = datetime.datetime.strptime(v.rsplit('.', 1)[0],
                #     '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S')
                v = datetime.datetime.strptime(v, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f')
            except ValueError:
                try:
                    v = datetime.datetime.strptime(v, '%Y-%m-%d').date()
                except ValueError:
                    pass
        elif isinstance(v, (dict, list)):
            v = datetime_decoder(v)
        result.append((k, v))
    if isinstance(d, list):
        return [x[1] for x in result]
    elif isinstance(d, dict):
        return dict(result)

def dumps(obj):
    return json.dumps(obj, cls=JSONDateTimeEncoder)

def loads(obj):
    return json.loads(obj, object_hook=datetime_decoder)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    mytimestamp = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
    mydate = datetime.date.today()
    data = dict(
        foo = 42,
        bar = [mytimestamp, mydate],
        date = mydate,
        timestamp = mytimestamp,
        struct = dict(
            date2 = mydate,
            timestamp2 = mytimestamp
        )
    )

    print repr(data)
    jsonstring = dumps(data)
    print jsonstring
    print repr(loads(jsonstring))

显然，“正确”的JSON (JavaScript)日期格式是2012-04-23T18:25:43.511Z - UTC和“Z”。如果不这样做，JavaScript在从字符串创建Date()对象时将使用web浏览器的本地时区。

对于“天真”时间(Python称之为没有时区的时间，这里假设是本地时间)，下面将强制使用本地时区，以便它可以正确地转换为UTC:

def default(obj):
    if hasattr(obj, "json") and callable(getattr(obj, "json")):
        return obj.json()
    if hasattr(obj, "isoformat") and callable(getattr(obj, "isoformat")):
        # date/time objects
        if not obj.utcoffset():
            # add local timezone to "naive" local time
            # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2720319/python-figure-out-local-timezone
            tzinfo = datetime.now(timezone.utc).astimezone().tzinfo
            obj = obj.replace(tzinfo=tzinfo)
        # convert to UTC
        obj = obj.astimezone(timezone.utc)
        # strip the UTC offset
        obj = obj.replace(tzinfo=None)
        return obj.isoformat() + "Z"
    elif hasattr(obj, "__str__") and callable(getattr(obj, "__str__")):
        return str(obj)
    else:
        print("obj:", obj)
        raise TypeError(obj)

def dump(j, io):
    json.dump(j, io, indent=2, default=default)

为什么这么难呢?