添加这个依赖: 实现“com.google.android.gms: play-services-auth: 18.0.0”

获取电话号码列表使用这个:

val hintRequest = HintRequest.Builder()
    .setPhoneNumberIdentifierSupported(true)
    .build()

val intent = Credentials.getClient(context).getHintPickerIntent(hintRequest)

startIntentSenderForResult(
    intent.intentSender,
    PHONE_NUMBER_FETCH_REQUEST_CODE,
    null,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    null
)

点击播放服务对话框后:

override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, data: Intent? { 
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data)

    if (requestCode == PHONE_NUMBER_FETCH_REQUEST_CODE) {
        data?.getParcelableExtra<Credential>(Credential.EXTRA_KEY)?.id?.let { 
            useFetchedPhoneNumber(it)
        }
    }
}

更新:这个答案不再可用，因为Whatsapp已经停止将电话号码作为帐户名，请忽略这个答案。

实际上，如果你不能通过电话服务获得它，你可以考虑另一种解决方案。

到今天为止，你可以依靠另一个大型应用程序Whatsapp，使用AccountManager。数以百万计的设备安装了这个应用程序，如果你不能通过TelephonyManager获得电话号码，你可以试试这个。

许可:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS" />

代码:

AccountManager am = AccountManager.get(this);
Account[] accounts = am.getAccounts();

for (Account ac : accounts) {
    String acname = ac.name;
    String actype = ac.type;
    // Take your time to look at all available accounts
    System.out.println("Accounts : " + acname + ", " + actype);
}

检查WhatsApp帐户的actype

if(actype.equals("com.whatsapp")){
    String phoneNumber = ac.name;
}

当然，如果用户没有安装WhatsApp，你可能不会得到它，但无论如何都值得一试。 记住，你应该总是询问用户的确认。

以下是我找到的解决方案的组合(这里是示例项目，如果你也想检查自动填充):

清单

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />

build.gradle

    implementation "com.google.android.gms:play-services-auth:17.0.0"

MainActivity.kt

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    private lateinit var googleApiClient: GoogleApiClient

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
        tryGetCurrentUserPhoneNumber(this)
        googleApiClient = GoogleApiClient.Builder(this).addApi(Auth.CREDENTIALS_API).build()
        if (phoneNumber.isEmpty()) {
            val hintRequest = HintRequest.Builder().setPhoneNumberIdentifierSupported(true).build()
            val intent = Auth.CredentialsApi.getHintPickerIntent(googleApiClient, hintRequest)
            try {
                startIntentSenderForResult(intent.intentSender, REQUEST_PHONE_NUMBER, null, 0, 0, 0);
            } catch (e: IntentSender.SendIntentException) {
                Toast.makeText(this, "failed to show phone picker", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
            }
        } else
            onGotPhoneNumberToSendTo()

    }

    override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, data: Intent?) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data)
        if (requestCode == REQUEST_PHONE_NUMBER) {
            if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
                val cred: Credential? = data?.getParcelableExtra(Credential.EXTRA_KEY)
                phoneNumber = cred?.id ?: ""
                if (phoneNumber.isEmpty())
                    Toast.makeText(this, "failed to get phone number", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
                else
                    onGotPhoneNumberToSendTo()
            }
        }
    }

    private fun onGotPhoneNumberToSendTo() {
        Toast.makeText(this, "got number:$phoneNumber", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
    }


    companion object {
        private const val REQUEST_PHONE_NUMBER = 1
        private var phoneNumber = ""

        @SuppressLint("MissingPermission", "HardwareIds")
        private fun tryGetCurrentUserPhoneNumber(context: Context): String {
            if (phoneNumber.isNotEmpty())
                return phoneNumber
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
                val subscriptionManager = context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SUBSCRIPTION_SERVICE) as SubscriptionManager
                try {
                    subscriptionManager.activeSubscriptionInfoList?.forEach {
                        val number: String? = it.number
                        if (!number.isNullOrBlank()) {
                            phoneNumber = number
                            return number
                        }
                    }
                } catch (ignored: Exception) {
                }
            }
            try {
                val telephonyManager = context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE) as TelephonyManager
                val number = telephonyManager.line1Number ?: ""
                if (!number.isBlank()) {
                    phoneNumber = number
                    return number
                }
            } catch (e: Exception) {
            }
            return ""
        }
    }
}

如果我从voiceMailNumer得到数字，那么它工作得很好-

val telephonyManager = getSystemService(TELEPHONY_SERVICE) as TelephonyManager
    if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
                    Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
    ) {
        Log.d("number", telephonyManager.voiceMailNumber.toString())
    }

只是想在以上回答中对以上解释做一点补充。这也会为其他人节省时间。

在我的情况下，这个方法没有返回任何手机号码，返回一个空字符串。这是由于我把我的号码移植到新的sim卡上的情况。所以如果我进入设置>关于电话>状态>我的电话号码，它显示我“未知”。

while working on a security app which needed to get the phone number of who so ever my phone might get into their hands, I had to do this; 1. receive Boot completed and then try getting Line1_Number from telephonyManager which returns a string result. 2. compare the String result with my own phone number and if they don't match or string returns null then, 3. secretly send an SMS containing the string result plus a special sign to my office number. 4. if message sending fails, start a service and keep trying after each hour until sent SMS pending intent returns successful. With this steps I could get the number of the person using my lost phone. it doesn't matter if the person is charged.