private String getMyPhoneNumber(){
    TelephonyManager mTelephonyMgr;
    mTelephonyMgr = (TelephonyManager)
        getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE); 
    return mTelephonyMgr.getLine1Number();
}

private String getMy10DigitPhoneNumber(){
    String s = getMyPhoneNumber();
    return s != null && s.length() > 2 ? s.substring(2) : null;
}

代码摘自http://www.androidsnippets.com/get-my-phone-number

代码:

TelephonyManager tMgr = (TelephonyManager)mAppContext.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
String mPhoneNumber = tMgr.getLine1Number();

需要许可:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"/> 

警告:

根据得到高度好评的评论，有一些注意事项需要注意。这可以返回null或“”甚至“???????”，它可以返回一个过时的电话号码，不再有效。如果您想要唯一地标识设备，则应该使用getDeviceId()。

如果我从voiceMailNumer得到数字，那么它工作得很好-

val telephonyManager = getSystemService(TELEPHONY_SERVICE) as TelephonyManager
    if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
                    Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
    ) {
        Log.d("number", telephonyManager.voiceMailNumber.toString())
    }

while working on a security app which needed to get the phone number of who so ever my phone might get into their hands, I had to do this; 1. receive Boot completed and then try getting Line1_Number from telephonyManager which returns a string result. 2. compare the String result with my own phone number and if they don't match or string returns null then, 3. secretly send an SMS containing the string result plus a special sign to my office number. 4. if message sending fails, start a service and keep trying after each hour until sent SMS pending intent returns successful. With this steps I could get the number of the person using my lost phone. it doesn't matter if the person is charged.

TelephonyManager不是正确的解决方案，因为在某些情况下，号码没有存储在SIM卡中。我建议您在应用程序第一次打开时使用共享首选项存储用户的电话号码，并且在需要时使用该号码。

对于android版本>= LOLLIPOP_MR1:

增加权限:

叫它:

 val subscriptionManager =
        getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SUBSCRIPTION_SERVICE) as SubscriptionManager
    
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
        
val list = subscriptionManager.activeSubscriptionInfoList
        for (info in list) {
            Log.d(TAG, "number " + info.number)
            Log.d(TAG, "network name : " + info.carrierName)
            Log.d(TAG, "country iso " + info.countryIso)
        }
    }