只是从上面使用了jiln的优秀答案，但需要展开以拆分多个列。我想分享一下。

def splitDataFrameList(df,target_column,separator):
''' df = dataframe to split,
target_column = the column containing the values to split
separator = the symbol used to perform the split

returns: a dataframe with each entry for the target column separated, with each element moved into a new row. 
The values in the other columns are duplicated across the newly divided rows.
'''
def splitListToRows(row, row_accumulator, target_columns, separator):
    split_rows = []
    for target_column in target_columns:
        split_rows.append(row[target_column].split(separator))
    # Seperate for multiple columns
    for i in range(len(split_rows[0])):
        new_row = row.to_dict()
        for j in range(len(split_rows)):
            new_row[target_columns[j]] = split_rows[j][i]
        row_accumulator.append(new_row)
new_rows = []
df.apply(splitListToRows,axis=1,args = (new_rows,target_column,separator))
new_df = pd.DataFrame(new_rows)
return new_df

只是从上面使用了jiln的优秀答案，但需要展开以拆分多个列。我想分享一下。

def splitDataFrameList(df,target_column,separator):
''' df = dataframe to split,
target_column = the column containing the values to split
separator = the symbol used to perform the split

returns: a dataframe with each entry for the target column separated, with each element moved into a new row. 
The values in the other columns are duplicated across the newly divided rows.
'''
def splitListToRows(row, row_accumulator, target_columns, separator):
    split_rows = []
    for target_column in target_columns:
        split_rows.append(row[target_column].split(separator))
    # Seperate for multiple columns
    for i in range(len(split_rows[0])):
        new_row = row.to_dict()
        for j in range(len(split_rows)):
            new_row[target_columns[j]] = split_rows[j][i]
        row_accumulator.append(new_row)
new_rows = []
df.apply(splitListToRows,axis=1,args = (new_rows,target_column,separator))
new_df = pd.DataFrame(new_rows)
return new_df

使用赋值和爆炸的一行代码:

    col1  col2
0  a,b,c     1
1  d,e,f     2

df.assign(col1 = df.col1.str.split(',')).explode('col1', ignore_index=True)

输出:

  col1  col2
0    a     1
1    b     1
2    c     1
3    d     2
4    e     2
5    f     2

我有一个类似的问题，我的解决方案是将数据帧转换为字典列表，然后进行转换。函数如下:

import re
import pandas as pd

def separate_row(df, column_name):
    ls = []
    for row_dict in df.to_dict('records'):
        for word in re.split(',', row_dict[column_name]):
            row = row_dict.copy()
            row[column_name]=word
            ls.append(row)
    return pd.DataFrame(ls)

例子:

>>> from pandas import DataFrame
>>> import numpy as np
>>> a = DataFrame([{'var1': 'a,b,c', 'var2': 1},
               {'var1': 'd,e,f', 'var2': 2}])
>>> a
    var1  var2
0  a,b,c     1
1  d,e,f     2
>>> separate_row(a, "var1")
  var1  var2
0    a     1
1    b     1
2    c     1
3    d     2
4    e     2
5    f     2

您还可以稍微更改该函数以支持分离列表类型行。

我的版本的解决方案添加到这个集合!: -)

# Original problem
from pandas import DataFrame
import numpy as np
a = DataFrame([{'var1': 'a,b,c', 'var2': 1},
               {'var1': 'd,e,f', 'var2': 2}])
b = DataFrame([{'var1': 'a', 'var2': 1},
               {'var1': 'b', 'var2': 1},
               {'var1': 'c', 'var2': 1},
               {'var1': 'd', 'var2': 2},
               {'var1': 'e', 'var2': 2},
               {'var1': 'f', 'var2': 2}])
### My solution
import pandas as pd
import functools
def expand_on_cols(df, fuse_cols, delim=","):
    def expand_on_col(df, fuse_col):
        col_order = df.columns
        df_expanded = pd.DataFrame(
            df.set_index([x for x in df.columns if x != fuse_col])[fuse_col]
            .apply(lambda x: x.split(delim))
            .explode()
        ).reset_index()
        return df_expanded[col_order]
    all_expanded = functools.reduce(expand_on_col, fuse_cols, df)
    return all_expanded

assert(b.equals(expand_on_cols(a, ["var1"], delim=",")))

基于优秀的@DMulligan的解决方案，这里有一个通用的向量化(无循环)函数，它将数据帧的一列分割成多行，并将其合并回原始数据帧。它还从这个答案中使用了一个很棒的通用change_column_order函数。

def change_column_order(df, col_name, index):
    cols = df.columns.tolist()
    cols.remove(col_name)
    cols.insert(index, col_name)
    return df[cols]

def split_df(dataframe, col_name, sep):
    orig_col_index = dataframe.columns.tolist().index(col_name)
    orig_index_name = dataframe.index.name
    orig_columns = dataframe.columns
    dataframe = dataframe.reset_index()  # we need a natural 0-based index for proper merge
    index_col_name = (set(dataframe.columns) - set(orig_columns)).pop()
    df_split = pd.DataFrame(
        pd.DataFrame(dataframe[col_name].str.split(sep).tolist())
        .stack().reset_index(level=1, drop=1), columns=[col_name])
    df = dataframe.drop(col_name, axis=1)
    df = pd.merge(df, df_split, left_index=True, right_index=True, how='inner')
    df = df.set_index(index_col_name)
    df.index.name = orig_index_name
    # merge adds the column to the last place, so we need to move it back
    return change_column_order(df, col_name, orig_col_index)

例子:

df = pd.DataFrame([['a:b', 1, 4], ['c:d', 2, 5], ['e:f:g:h', 3, 6]], 
                  columns=['Name', 'A', 'B'], index=[10, 12, 13])
df
        Name    A   B
    10   a:b     1   4
    12   c:d     2   5
    13   e:f:g:h 3   6

split_df(df, 'Name', ':')
    Name    A   B
10   a       1   4
10   b       1   4
12   c       2   5
12   d       2   5
13   e       3   6
13   f       3   6    
13   g       3   6    
13   h       3   6    

注意，它保留了列的原始索引和顺序。它也适用于具有非连续索引的数据框架。