我有一个嵌套的目录结构，即在包含python模块的主目录中有多个目录。

我在__init__.py文件中添加了以下脚本以导入所有模块

import glob, re, os 

module_parent_directory = "path/to/the/directory/containing/__init__.py/file"

owd = os.getcwd()
if not owd.endswith(module_parent_directory): os.chdir(module_parent_directory)

module_paths = glob.glob("**/*.py", recursive = True)

for module_path in module_paths:
    if not re.match( ".*__init__.py$", module_path):
        import_path = module_path[:-3]
        import_path = import_path.replace("/", ".")
        exec(f"from .{import_path} import *")

os.chdir(owd)

也许这不是实现这一目标的最佳方式，但除此之外我没有别的办法。

注意你的__init__.py定义了__all__。模块-包文档说

The __init__.py files are required to make Python treat the directories as containing packages; this is done to prevent directories with a common name, such as string, from unintentionally hiding valid modules that occur later on the module search path. In the simplest case, __init__.py can just be an empty file, but it can also execute initialization code for the package or set the __all__ variable, described later. ... The only solution is for the package author to provide an explicit index of the package. The import statement uses the following convention: if a package’s __init__.py code defines a list named __all__, it is taken to be the list of module names that should be imported when from package import * is encountered. It is up to the package author to keep this list up-to-date when a new version of the package is released. Package authors may also decide not to support it, if they don’t see a use for importing * from their package. For example, the file sounds/effects/__init__.py could contain the following code: __all__ = ["echo", "surround", "reverse"] This would mean that from sound.effects import * would import the three named submodules of the sound package.

import pkgutil
__path__ = pkgutil.extend_path(__path__, __name__)
for imp, module, ispackage in pkgutil.walk_packages(path=__path__, prefix=__name__+'.'):
  __import__(module)

只需通过importlib导入它们，并在包的__init__.py中递归地将它们添加到__all__(添加操作是可选的)。

/Foo
    bar.py
    spam.py
    eggs.py
    __init__.py

# __init__.py
import os
import importlib
pyfile_extes = ['py', ]
__all__ = [importlib.import_module('.%s' % filename, __package__) for filename in [os.path.splitext(i)[0] for i in os.listdir(os.path.dirname(__file__)) if os.path.splitext(i)[1] in pyfile_extes] if not filename.startswith('__')]
del os, importlib, pyfile_extes

我也遇到过这个问题，这是我的解决方案:

import os

def loadImports(path):
    files = os.listdir(path)
    imps = []

    for i in range(len(files)):
        name = files[i].split('.')
        if len(name) > 1:
            if name[1] == 'py' and name[0] != '__init__':
               name = name[0]
               imps.append(name)

    file = open(path+'__init__.py','w')

    toWrite = '__all__ = '+str(imps)

    file.write(toWrite)
    file.close()

这个函数创建一个名为__init__.py的文件(在提供的文件夹中)，其中包含一个__all__变量，该变量保存文件夹中的每个模块。

例如，我有一个名为Test的文件夹 它包含:

Foo.py
Bar.py

所以在脚本中，我想把模块导入，我会写:

loadImports('Test/')
from Test import *

这将从Test中导入所有内容，Test中的__init__.py文件现在将包含:

__all__ = ['Foo','Bar']

使用importlib，唯一需要添加的是

from importlib import import_module
from pathlib import Path

__all__ = [
    import_module(f".{f.stem}", __package__)
    for f in Path(__file__).parent.glob("*.py")
    if "__" not in f.stem
]
del import_module, Path