2017年更新:你可能想用importlib代替。

通过添加__init__.py使Foo目录成为一个包。在__init__.py中添加:

import bar
import eggs
import spam

因为你希望它是动态的(这可能是也可能不是一个好主意)，用list dir列出所有的py-files，然后像这样导入它们:

import os
for module in os.listdir(os.path.dirname(__file__)):
    if module == '__init__.py' or module[-3:] != '.py':
        continue
    __import__(module[:-3], locals(), globals())
del module

然后，从你的代码这样做:

import Foo

您现在可以使用

Foo.bar
Foo.eggs
Foo.spam

从Foo导入*不是一个好主意，有几个原因，包括名称冲突，使其难以分析代码。

这里有一个解决方案，您不必写文件名。只需将此代码片段添加到__init__.py中

from inspect import isclass
from pkgutil import iter_modules
from pathlib import Path
from importlib import import_module

# iterate through the modules in the current package
package_dir = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
for (_, module_name, _) in iter_modules([package_dir]):

    # import the module and iterate through its attributes
    module = import_module(f"{__name__}.{module_name}")
    for attribute_name in dir(module):
        attribute = getattr(module, attribute_name)

        if isclass(attribute):            
            # Add the class to this package's variables
            globals()[attribute_name] = attribute

源

何时从。Import *不够好，这是对ted的回答的改进。具体来说，这种方法不需要使用__all__。

"""Import all modules that exist in the current directory."""
# Ref https://stackoverflow.com/a/60861023/
from importlib import import_module
from pathlib import Path

for f in Path(__file__).parent.glob("*.py"):
    module_name = f.stem
    if (not module_name.startswith("_")) and (module_name not in globals()):
        import_module(f".{module_name}", __package__)
    del f, module_name
del import_module, Path

请注意，globals()中没有module_name是为了避免在已经导入模块时重新导入模块，因为这可能存在循环导入的风险。

这是我迄今为止发现的最好的方法:

from os.path import dirname, join, isdir, abspath, basename
from glob import glob
pwd = dirname(__file__)
for x in glob(join(pwd, '*.py')):
    if not x.startswith('__'):
        __import__(basename(x)[:-3], globals(), locals())

注意你的__init__.py定义了__all__。模块-包文档说

The __init__.py files are required to make Python treat the directories as containing packages; this is done to prevent directories with a common name, such as string, from unintentionally hiding valid modules that occur later on the module search path. In the simplest case, __init__.py can just be an empty file, but it can also execute initialization code for the package or set the __all__ variable, described later. ... The only solution is for the package author to provide an explicit index of the package. The import statement uses the following convention: if a package’s __init__.py code defines a list named __all__, it is taken to be the list of module names that should be imported when from package import * is encountered. It is up to the package author to keep this list up-to-date when a new version of the package is released. Package authors may also decide not to support it, if they don’t see a use for importing * from their package. For example, the file sounds/effects/__init__.py could contain the following code: __all__ = ["echo", "surround", "reverse"] This would mean that from sound.effects import * would import the three named submodules of the sound package.

我有一个嵌套的目录结构，即在包含python模块的主目录中有多个目录。

我在__init__.py文件中添加了以下脚本以导入所有模块

import glob, re, os 

module_parent_directory = "path/to/the/directory/containing/__init__.py/file"

owd = os.getcwd()
if not owd.endswith(module_parent_directory): os.chdir(module_parent_directory)

module_paths = glob.glob("**/*.py", recursive = True)

for module_path in module_paths:
    if not re.match( ".*__init__.py$", module_path):
        import_path = module_path[:-3]
        import_path = import_path.replace("/", ".")
        exec(f"from .{import_path} import *")

os.chdir(owd)

也许这不是实现这一目标的最佳方式，但除此之外我没有别的办法。