下面是运行任意命令返回其标准输出数据的Python代码，或在非零退出码上引发异常:
proc = subprocess.Popen(
cmd,
stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, # Merge stdout and stderr
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
shell=True)
communication用于等待进程退出:
stdoutdata, stderrdata = proc.communicate()
子进程模块不支持超时——杀死运行超过X秒的进程的能力——因此，通信可能需要很长时间才能运行。
在Windows和Linux上运行的Python程序中实现超时的最简单方法是什么?
当前回答
有一个想法是子类化Popen类并用一些简单的方法装饰器来扩展它。我们叫它ExpirablePopen吧。
from logging import error
from subprocess import Popen
from threading import Event
from threading import Thread
class ExpirablePopen(Popen):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.timeout = kwargs.pop('timeout', 0)
self.timer = None
self.done = Event()
Popen.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
def __tkill(self):
timeout = self.timeout
if not self.done.wait(timeout):
error('Terminating process {} by timeout of {} secs.'.format(self.pid, timeout))
self.kill()
def expirable(func):
def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
# zero timeout means call of parent method
if self.timeout == 0:
return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
# if timer is None, need to start it
if self.timer is None:
self.timer = thr = Thread(target=self.__tkill)
thr.daemon = True
thr.start()
result = func(self, *args, **kwargs)
self.done.set()
return result
return wrapper
wait = expirable(Popen.wait)
communicate = expirable(Popen.communicate)
if __name__ == '__main__':
from subprocess import PIPE
print ExpirablePopen('ssh -T git@bitbucket.org', stdout=PIPE, timeout=1).communicate()
其他回答
如果你用的是Unix，
import signal
...
class Alarm(Exception):
pass
def alarm_handler(signum, frame):
raise Alarm
signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, alarm_handler)
signal.alarm(5*60) # 5 minutes
try:
stdoutdata, stderrdata = proc.communicate()
signal.alarm(0) # reset the alarm
except Alarm:
print "Oops, taking too long!"
# whatever else
Jcollado的答案可以使用线程来简化。定时器类:
import shlex
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
from threading import Timer
def run(cmd, timeout_sec):
proc = Popen(shlex.split(cmd), stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)
timer = Timer(timeout_sec, proc.kill)
try:
timer.start()
stdout, stderr = proc.communicate()
finally:
timer.cancel()
# Examples: both take 1 second
run("sleep 1", 5) # process ends normally at 1 second
run("sleep 5", 1) # timeout happens at 1 second
虽然我还没有广泛地研究它，但我在ActiveState中发现的这个装饰器似乎对这类事情非常有用。伴随着subprocess.Popen(…， close_fds=True)，至少我已经准备好在Python中编写shell脚本。
这是我的解决方案，我使用线程和事件:
import subprocess
from threading import Thread, Event
def kill_on_timeout(done, timeout, proc):
if not done.wait(timeout):
proc.kill()
def exec_command(command, timeout):
done = Event()
proc = subprocess.Popen(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
watcher = Thread(target=kill_on_timeout, args=(done, timeout, proc))
watcher.daemon = True
watcher.start()
data, stderr = proc.communicate()
done.set()
return data, stderr, proc.returncode
在行动:
In [2]: exec_command(['sleep', '10'], 5)
Out[2]: ('', '', -9)
In [3]: exec_command(['sleep', '10'], 11)
Out[3]: ('', '', 0)
我已经实现了我能从其中一些收集到的东西。这适用于Windows，因为这是一个社区维基，我想我也会分享我的代码:
class Command(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, cmd, outFile, errFile, timeout):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.cmd = cmd
self.process = None
self.outFile = outFile
self.errFile = errFile
self.timed_out = False
self.timeout = timeout
def run(self):
self.process = subprocess.Popen(self.cmd, stdout = self.outFile, \
stderr = self.errFile)
while (self.process.poll() is None and self.timeout > 0):
time.sleep(1)
self.timeout -= 1
if not self.timeout > 0:
self.process.terminate()
self.timed_out = True
else:
self.timed_out = False
然后从另一个类或文件:
outFile = tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile()
errFile = tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile()
executor = command.Command(c, outFile, errFile, timeout)
executor.daemon = True
executor.start()
executor.join()
if executor.timed_out:
out = 'timed out'
else:
outFile.seek(0)
errFile.seek(0)
out = outFile.read()
err = errFile.read()
outFile.close()
errFile.close()
