您还可以使用元类强制类为静态类。

class StaticClassError(Exception):
    pass


class StaticClass:
    __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta

    def __new__(cls, *args, **kw):
        raise StaticClassError("%s is a static class and cannot be initiated."
                                % cls)

class MyClass(StaticClass):
    a = 1
    b = 3

    @staticmethod
    def add(x, y):
        return x+y

然后，每当您意外尝试初始化MyClass时，都会收到StaticClassError。

可以使用静态类变量，但可能不值得这样做。

这里有一个用Python 3编写的概念证明——如果任何确切的细节都是错误的，那么可以对代码进行调整，以匹配静态变量所指的任何内容：

class Static:
    def __init__(self, value, doc=None):
        self.deleted = False
        self.value = value
        self.__doc__ = doc
    def __get__(self, inst, cls=None):
        if self.deleted:
            raise AttributeError('Attribute not set')
        return self.value
    def __set__(self, inst, value):
        self.deleted = False
        self.value = value
    def __delete__(self, inst):
        self.deleted = True

class StaticType(type):
    def __delattr__(cls, name):
        obj = cls.__dict__.get(name)
        if isinstance(obj, Static):
            obj.__delete__(name)
        else:
            super(StaticType, cls).__delattr__(name)
    def __getattribute__(cls, *args):
        obj = super(StaticType, cls).__getattribute__(*args)
        if isinstance(obj, Static):
            obj = obj.__get__(cls, cls.__class__)
        return obj
    def __setattr__(cls, name, val):
        # check if object already exists
        obj = cls.__dict__.get(name)
        if isinstance(obj, Static):
            obj.__set__(name, val)
        else:
            super(StaticType, cls).__setattr__(name, val)

使用中：

class MyStatic(metaclass=StaticType):
    """
    Testing static vars
    """
    a = Static(9)
    b = Static(12)
    c = 3

class YourStatic(MyStatic):
    d = Static('woo hoo')
    e = Static('doo wop')

以及一些测试：

ms1 = MyStatic()
ms2 = MyStatic()
ms3 = MyStatic()
assert ms1.a == ms2.a == ms3.a == MyStatic.a
assert ms1.b == ms2.b == ms3.b == MyStatic.b
assert ms1.c == ms2.c == ms3.c == MyStatic.c
ms1.a = 77
assert ms1.a == ms2.a == ms3.a == MyStatic.a
ms2.b = 99
assert ms1.b == ms2.b == ms3.b == MyStatic.b
MyStatic.a = 101
assert ms1.a == ms2.a == ms3.a == MyStatic.a
MyStatic.b = 139
assert ms1.b == ms2.b == ms3.b == MyStatic.b
del MyStatic.b
for inst in (ms1, ms2, ms3):
    try:
        getattr(inst, 'b')
    except AttributeError:
        pass
    else:
        print('AttributeError not raised on %r' % attr)
ms1.c = 13
ms2.c = 17
ms3.c = 19
assert ms1.c == 13
assert ms2.c == 17
assert ms3.c == 19
MyStatic.c = 43
assert ms1.c == 13
assert ms2.c == 17
assert ms3.c == 19

ys1 = YourStatic()
ys2 = YourStatic()
ys3 = YourStatic()
MyStatic.b = 'burgler'
assert ys1.a == ys2.a == ys3.a == YourStatic.a == MyStatic.a
assert ys1.b == ys2.b == ys3.b == YourStatic.b == MyStatic.b
assert ys1.d == ys2.d == ys3.d == YourStatic.d
assert ys1.e == ys2.e == ys3.e == YourStatic.e
ys1.a = 'blah'
assert ys1.a == ys2.a == ys3.a == YourStatic.a == MyStatic.a
ys2.b = 'kelp'
assert ys1.b == ys2.b == ys3.b == YourStatic.b == MyStatic.b
ys1.d = 'fee'
assert ys1.d == ys2.d == ys3.d == YourStatic.d
ys2.e = 'fie'
assert ys1.e == ys2.e == ys3.e == YourStatic.e
MyStatic.a = 'aargh'
assert ys1.a == ys2.a == ys3.a == YourStatic.a == MyStatic.a

在类定义中声明但不在方法中声明的变量是类或静态变量：

>>> class MyClass:
...     i = 3
...
>>> MyClass.i
3 

正如@millerdev所指出的，这会创建一个类级别i变量，但这与任何实例级别i变量都不同，因此您可以

>>> m = MyClass()
>>> m.i = 4
>>> MyClass.i, m.i
>>> (3, 4)

这与C++和Java不同，但与C#没有太大区别，在C#中，不能使用对实例的引用来访问静态成员。

看看Python教程对类和类对象的主题有什么看法。

@Steve Johnson已经回答了静态方法的问题，也在Python库参考中的“内置函数”中进行了说明。

class C:
    @staticmethod
    def f(arg1, arg2, ...): ...

@beidy推荐classmethods而不是staticmethod，因为该方法随后会接收类类型作为第一个参数。

使用Object数据类型是可能的。但是对于bool、int、float或str等原始类型，bahaviour与其他OOP语言不同。因为在继承类中不存在静态属性。若继承类中不存在该属性，Python将开始在父类中查找该属性。如果在父类中找到，将返回其值。当您决定更改继承类中的值时，将在运行时创建静态属性。在下一次读取继承的静态属性时，将返回其值，因为它已经定义。对象（列表、字典）用作引用，因此可以安全地将它们用作静态属性并继承它们。对象地址在更改其属性值时不会更改。

整数数据类型示例：

class A:
    static = 1


class B(A):
    pass


print(f"int {A.static}")  # get 1 correctly
print(f"int {B.static}")  # get 1 correctly

A.static = 5
print(f"int {A.static}")  # get 5 correctly
print(f"int {B.static}")  # get 5 correctly

B.static = 6
print(f"int {A.static}")  # expected 6, but get 5 incorrectly
print(f"int {B.static}")  # get 6 correctly

A.static = 7
print(f"int {A.static}")  # get 7 correctly
print(f"int {B.static}")  # get unchanged 6

基于refdatatypes库的解决方案：

from refdatatypes.refint import RefInt


class AAA:
    static = RefInt(1)


class BBB(AAA):
    pass


print(f"refint {AAA.static.value}")  # get 1 correctly
print(f"refint {BBB.static.value}")  # get 1 correctly

AAA.static.value = 5
print(f"refint {AAA.static.value}")  # get 5 correctly
print(f"refint {BBB.static.value}")  # get 5 correctly

BBB.static.value = 6
print(f"refint {AAA.static.value}")  # get 6 correctly
print(f"refint {BBB.static.value}")  # get 6 correctly

AAA.static.value = 7
print(f"refint {AAA.static.value}")  # get 7 correctly
print(f"refint {BBB.static.value}")  # get 7 correctly

关于这个答案，对于常量静态变量，可以使用描述符。下面是一个示例：

class ConstantAttribute(object):
    '''You can initialize my value but not change it.'''
    def __init__(self, value):
        self.value = value

    def __get__(self, obj, type=None):
        return self.value

    def __set__(self, obj, val):
        pass


class Demo(object):
    x = ConstantAttribute(10)


class SubDemo(Demo):
    x = 10


demo = Demo()
subdemo = SubDemo()
# should not change
demo.x = 100
# should change
subdemo.x = 100
print "small demo", demo.x
print "small subdemo", subdemo.x
print "big demo", Demo.x
print "big subdemo", SubDemo.x

导致。。。

small demo 10
small subdemo 100
big demo 10
big subdemo 10

如果您不喜欢忽略设置值（上面的传递），您总是可以引发异常。如果您正在寻找C++、Java风格的静态类变量：

class StaticAttribute(object):
    def __init__(self, value):
        self.value = value

    def __get__(self, obj, type=None):
        return self.value

    def __set__(self, obj, val):
        self.value = val

请查看此答案和HOWTO官方文件，以了解有关描述符的更多信息。

您还可以使用元类强制类为静态类。

class StaticClassError(Exception):
    pass


class StaticClass:
    __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta

    def __new__(cls, *args, **kw):
        raise StaticClassError("%s is a static class and cannot be initiated."
                                % cls)

class MyClass(StaticClass):
    a = 1
    b = 3

    @staticmethod
    def add(x, y):
        return x+y

然后，每当您意外尝试初始化MyClass时，都会收到StaticClassError。