我使用的是Ruby on Rails 3.1预版本。我喜欢使用PostgreSQL,但问题是安装pg gem。它给了我以下错误:

$ gem install pg
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing pg:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

        /home/u/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p0/bin/ruby extconf.rb
checking for pg_config... no
No pg_config... trying anyway. If building fails, please try again with
 --with-pg-config=/path/to/pg_config
checking for libpq-fe.h... no
Can't find the 'libpq-fe.h header
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of
necessary libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more
details.  You may need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --without-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/home/u/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p0/bin/ruby
    --with-pg
    --without-pg
    --with-pg-dir
    --without-pg-dir
    --with-pg-include
    --without-pg-include=${pg-dir}/include
    --with-pg-lib
    --without-pg-lib=${pg-dir}/lib
    --with-pg-config
    --without-pg-config
    --with-pg_config
    --without-pg_config
    Gem files will remain installed in /home/u/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0/gems/pg-0.11.0 for inspection.
    Results logged to /home/u/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0/gems/pg-0.11.0/ext/gem_make.out

我怎么解决这个问题?


当前回答

对于alpine,请使用下面的方法来修复错误

apk add --no-cache postgresql-dev

其他回答

在Ubuntu上,安装“libpq-dev”来解决这个问题。

sudo apt-get install libpq-dev

对于未安装PostgreSQL服务器的MacOS:

brew install libpq
gem install pg -- --with-pg-config="/usr/local/Cellar/libpq/9.6.6/bin/pg_config"

在FreeBSD(9.1)上,必要的包是/usr/ports/database/postgresql-server*,安装时也会安装所需的头文件,使gem安装“pg”失败。这里的答案帮助我找到解决方案,但包名的差异需要进行一些搜索。

希望这能帮助人们在FreeBSD系统上搜索“-dev”包时避免一点挠头!

对于Mac OS X,只需安装https://postgresapp.com/,并遵循命令行部分和ruby的步骤

sudo mkdir -p /etc/paths.d &&
echo /Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/latest/bin | sudo tee /etc/paths.d/postgresapp

然后

sudo ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64" gem install pg

对于任何基于debian的发行版(包括Ubuntu),一个更通用的答案如下。首先,以root身份安装apt-file包:

apt-get install apt-file

这允许您搜索包含文件的包。然后,更新其数据库使用

apt-file update

(这可以作为普通用户运行)。然后,使用以下方法查找丢失的头文件:

apt-file search libpq-fe.h

在我的机器上,这给出:

libpq-dev: /usr/include/postgresql/libpq-fe.h
postgres-xc-server-dev: /usr/include/postgres-xc/server/gtm/libpq-fe.h

好了!