如果这些实际上是某个类的字段，那么你可以通过反射来获得它们:

package test;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Test {

    List<String> stringList = new ArrayList<String>();
    List<Integer> integerList = new ArrayList<Integer>();

    public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
        Field stringListField = Test.class.getDeclaredField("stringList");
        ParameterizedType stringListType = (ParameterizedType) stringListField.getGenericType();
        Class<?> stringListClass = (Class<?>) stringListType.getActualTypeArguments()[0];
        System.out.println(stringListClass); // class java.lang.String.

        Field integerListField = Test.class.getDeclaredField("integerList");
        ParameterizedType integerListType = (ParameterizedType) integerListField.getGenericType();
        Class<?> integerListClass = (Class<?>) integerListType.getActualTypeArguments()[0];
        System.out.println(integerListClass); // class java.lang.Integer.
    }
}

对于参数类型和方法的返回类型也可以这样做。

但是如果它们在类/方法的相同范围内，而您需要知道它们，那么就没有必要知道它们，因为您已经自己声明了它们。

我找到了一个非常适合我的答案。

class ArrayListString extends ArrayList<String> {}
class ArrayListInteger extends ArrayList<Integer> {}

ArrayListString als = new ArrayListString();
ArrayListInteger ali = new ArrayListInteger();

void whatType(Object a) {
    if (a instanceof ArrayListString)
        System.out.println("ArrayListString");
    else if (a instanceof ArrayListInteger)
        System.out.println("ArrayListInteger");
}

whatType(als);
whatType(ali);

Als和ali将像它们的泛型一样工作。

这段代码所做的是将泛型类型转换为常规Java类型。在Java中，可以使用instanceof检测常规类型。

你也可以对方法参数做同样的事情:

Method method = someClass.getDeclaredMethod("someMethod");
Type[] types = method.getGenericParameterTypes();
//Now assuming that the first parameter to the method is of type List<Integer>
ParameterizedType pType = (ParameterizedType) types[0];
Class<?> clazz = (Class<?>) pType.getActualTypeArguments()[0];
System.out.println(clazz); //prints out java.lang.Integer

如果这些实际上是某个类的字段，那么你可以通过反射来获得它们:

package test;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Test {

    List<String> stringList = new ArrayList<String>();
    List<Integer> integerList = new ArrayList<Integer>();

    public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
        Field stringListField = Test.class.getDeclaredField("stringList");
        ParameterizedType stringListType = (ParameterizedType) stringListField.getGenericType();
        Class<?> stringListClass = (Class<?>) stringListType.getActualTypeArguments()[0];
        System.out.println(stringListClass); // class java.lang.String.

        Field integerListField = Test.class.getDeclaredField("integerList");
        ParameterizedType integerListType = (ParameterizedType) integerListField.getGenericType();
        Class<?> integerListClass = (Class<?>) integerListType.getActualTypeArguments()[0];
        System.out.println(integerListClass); // class java.lang.Integer.
    }
}

对于参数类型和方法的返回类型也可以这样做。

但是如果它们在类/方法的相同范围内，而您需要知道它们，那么就没有必要知道它们，因为您已经自己声明了它们。

扩展Steve K的回答:

/** 
* Performs a forced cast.  
* Returns null if the collection type does not match the items in the list.
* @param data The list to cast.
* @param listType The type of list to cast to.
*/
static <T> List<? super T> castListSafe(List<?> data, Class<T> listType){
    List<T> retval = null;
    //This test could be skipped if you trust the callers, but it wouldn't be safe then.
    if(data!=null && !data.isEmpty() && listType.isInstance(data.iterator().next().getClass())) {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")//It's OK, we know List<T> contains the expected type.
        List<T> foo = (List<T>)data;
        retval=foo;
    }
    return retval;
}
Usage:

protected WhateverClass add(List<?> data) {//For fluant useage
    if(data==null) || data.isEmpty(){
       throw new IllegalArgumentException("add() " + data==null?"null":"empty" 
       + " collection");
    }
    Class<?> colType = data.iterator().next().getClass();//Something
    aMethod(castListSafe(data, colType));
}

aMethod(List<Foo> foo){
   for(Foo foo: List){
      System.out.println(Foo);
   }
}

aMethod(List<Bar> bar){
   for(Bar bar: List){
      System.out.println(Bar);
   }
}

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;

public class GenericTypeOfCollectionTest {
    public class FormBean {
    }

    public class MyClazz {
        private List<FormBean> list = new ArrayList<FormBean>();
    }

    @Test
    public void testName() throws Exception {
        Field[] fields = MyClazz.class.getFields();
        for (Field field : fields) {
            //1. Check if field is of Collection Type
            if (Collection.class.isAssignableFrom(field.getType())) {
                //2. Get Generic type of your field
                Class fieldGenericType = getFieldGenericType(field);
                //3. Compare with <FromBean>
                Assert.assertTrue("List<FormBean>",
                  FormBean.class.isAssignableFrom(fieldGenericType));
            }
        }
    }

    //Returns generic type of any field
    public Class getFieldGenericType(Field field) {
        if (ParameterizedType.class.isAssignableFrom(field.getGenericType().getClass())) {
            ParameterizedType genericType =
             (ParameterizedType) field.getGenericType();
            return ((Class)
              (genericType.getActualTypeArguments()[0])).getSuperclass();
        }
        //Returns dummy Boolean Class to compare with ValueObject & FormBean
        return new Boolean(false).getClass();
    }
}