第一台真正的多媒体个人电脑，Amiga:第一台32位抢先处理多任务的个人电脑，第一台硬件图形加速，第一台多声道声音，在许多方面，它比现在流行的多核、多兆赫的Windows盒子机更有用、更强大。

Paxos协议。很难描述它在互联网时代的价值。

我认为我们看待这个问题的方式是错误的，得出的结论也是错误的。如果我做对了，循环就会变成:

理念->首次实施->少数人采用->临界质量->商品产品

从最初的想法到商品，你通常会经历几个世纪，假设这个想法能走到那个阶段。达·芬奇可能在1493年就画出了某种直升机，但他花了大约400年的时间才制造出一架能够自己飞离地面的实际机器。

从1580年威廉·伯恩对潜艇的第一次描述到1800年的第一次实施，你有220年的时间，而目前的潜艇仍处于起步阶段:我们几乎对水下旅行一无所知(地球上三分之二的地方都在海底，想想潜在的房地产;)

而且不可能没有更早，更早的想法，只是我们从未听说过。根据一些传说，亚历山大大帝在公元前332年使用了某种潜水钟(这是潜艇的基本概念:一种在海底运送人员和空气供应的装置)。算上这一点，我们从想法(甚至只有一个基本的原型)到生产产品需要2000年的时间。

我想说的是，在1980年之前，那些甚至都不是想法的实现，更不用说产品了……我敢打赌，“快速排序”算法是由中国古代某个无名档案管理员使用的。那又怎样?

当然，40年前就有了联网的计算机，但那无法与今天的互联网相比。基本的理念/技术是存在的，但不管怎样你都不能在线玩《魔兽》游戏。

我认为我们在大多数计算领域都需要真正的新想法，我想知道最近已经完成的任何重要而有力的想法。如果我们真的找不到他们，那么我们应该问“为什么?”和“我们应该做什么?”

从历史上看，我们从来没有能够如此快速地“找到它们”。我认为这个周期正变得越来越快，但计算技术仍然非常年轻。

目前，我正试图弄清楚如何制作全息图(星球大战那种，没有任何物理支持)。我想我知道该怎么做了。我甚至还没有收集工具、材料和资金，即使我在某种程度上取得了成功，实际的想法也已经有几十年的历史了，至少相关的实现/技术已经被使用了很长时间。

一旦你开始列出实际的产品，你就可以相当肯定概念和最初的实现在一段时间前就已经存在了。没关系。

你可能会以某种理由争辩说，从来没有什么是新的，或者一切都是新的，总是如此。这就是哲学，两种观点都有道理。

从实践的观点来看，真理介于两者之间。真理不是二进制概念，布尔逻辑是该死的。

中国人也许早在很久以前就发明了印刷机，但大多数人能够在家以合理的价格打印出像样的彩色照片也不过10年的时间。

发明无处不在，这取决于你的标准和参照系。

当然，1980年以前是施乐PARC的辉煌时期。在图形用户界面、鼠标、激光打印机、互联网和个人电脑刚刚诞生的时候。(鉴于我太年轻了，不可能活在那个年代，而你几乎在努力发明所有这些东西，关于1980年的事情，我不能告诉你任何你不知道的事情，所以我们继续吧。)

The thing is, though, that the pre-1980 days were a lot more vibrant in terms of truly disruptive new technologies. That's the way it is with any new field -- hwo many game-changing technology advances have you seen in railroads in the past 100 years? How many have you seen in lightbulbs? In the printing press? Once something ignites a hype in the right circles, there is an explosive period of invention, followed by a long period of maturing. After that, you're not going to see the same kind of completely radical changes again UNLESS the basic circumstances change.

幸运的是，这可能会发生在一些领域，而且已经发生在其他一些领域:

Mobility - smart phones bring computing to a truly portable platform, which will soon include location-based services and proximity-based ad-hoc networks. It's a completely new paradigm that's potentially as game-changing as the GUI has been The WWW (HTTP, HTML and DNS) has already been mentioned and is an obvious addition to the list, since it is enabling global, inexpensive, mainstream rich communication across the globe - all thanks to a computing platform On the interface side, both touch, multitouch (Jeff Han comes to mind) and the Wiimote need mentioning. Currently, they are basically curiosities, but so were the early GUIs. OOP design patterns -- higher level solutions as best practices to hard problems. Depending on your definition of 'computing', it may or may not belong on the list, but if you count OOP as a significant advance pre-1980 (I certainly do), I think design patterns and the GoF deserve a mention too Google's PageRank and MapReduce algorithms - I am pleased to notice I wasn't the first to mention them, and seriously --- where would the world be without the principles of both of them? I vividly remember what the world looked like before them, and suffice it to say Google really IS my friend. Non-volatile memory -- it's on the hardware side, but it is going to play a significant role in the future of computing - making bootup times a thing of the past, for example, and enabling us to use computers in entirely new ways Semantic (natural language) search / analysis / classification / translation... We're not quite there yet, but companies like Powerset give the impression that we're on the brink. On that note, intelligent HTMs should be on this list as well. I am yet another believer in Jeff Hawkins' model and approach, and if it works, it will mean a complete redefinition of what computers can do, what it means to be human, and where the world can go from here. Creating a real intelligence in that way (synthetically) would be bigger than anything the human race has accomplished before. GNU + Linux 3D printing / rapid prototyping (and, in time, manufacturing) P2P (which also lead to VoIP etc.) E-ink, once the technologies mature a bit more RFID might belong on the list, but the verdict is still out on that one Quantum Computing is the most obvious element on the list, except we still haven't been able to get enough qubits to play along. However, my friends in the field tell me there's incredible progress going on even as we speak, so I'm holding my breath for that one. And finally, I want to mention a personal favourite: distributed intelligence, or its other name: artificial artificial intelligence. The idea of connecting a huge number of people in a network and allowing them access to the combined minds of everyone else through some form of question answering interface. It's been done a number of times recently, with Yahoo Answers, Askville, Amazon Mechanical Turk, and so on, but in my mind, those are all missing the mark by a LOT... much like the many implementations of distributed hypertext that came before Tim Berners-Lee's HTML, or the many web crawlers before Google. Seriously -- someone needs to build an search interface into 'the hive mind' to blow everyone else out of the water. IMHO - it is only a matter of time.

我认为，在1980年，如果你在使用一台电脑，你要么是在赚钱，要么就是一个极客……那么发生了什么变化呢?

Printers and consumer-level desktop publishing. Meant you didn't need a printing press to make high-volume, high-quality printed material. That was big - of course, nowadays we completely take it for granted, and mostly we don't even bother with the printing part because everyone's online anyway. Colour. Seriously. Colour screens made a huge difference to non-geeks' perception of games & applications. Suddenly games seemed less like hard work and more like watching TV, which opened the doors for Sega, Nintendo, Atari et al to bring consumer gaming into the home. Media compression (MP3s and video files). And a whole bunch of things - like TiVO and iPods - that we don't really think of as computers any more because they're so ubiquitous and so user-friendly. But they are.

我认为，这里的共同点是曾经不可能的事情(制作打印文档;准确再现彩色图像;实时向世界各地发送消息;分发音频和视频材料)，当时因为设备和物流成本昂贵，现在是消费者水平。那么，大公司现在在做什么过去是不可能的，但如果我们能想出如何做小而便宜的事情，可能会很酷?

任何涉及物理运输的东西都是有趣的。视频会议(目前)还没有取代真实的会议，但如果技术合适，它仍有可能取代真实的会议。一些休闲旅行可以被全感官沉浸式环境所取代——家庭影院就是一个微不足道的例子;另一个是位于Soho区一栋写字楼内的“虚拟高尔夫球场”，在这里，你可以在模拟球场上打18洞真正的高尔夫球。

不过，对我来说，下一个真正重要的事情将是制造。做的事情。勺子，吉他，椅子，衣服，汽车，瓷砖什么的。这些仍然依赖于生产和分销基础设施。我再也不用去商店买电影或专辑了——什么时候我就不用去商店买衣服和厨具了?

Sure, there are interesting developments going on with OLED displays and GPS and mobile broadband and IoC containers and scripting and "the cloud" - but it's all still just new-fangled ways of putting pictures on a screen. I can print my own photos and write my own web pages, but I want to be able to fabricate a linen basket that fits exactly into that nook beside my desk, and a mounting bracket for sticking my guitar FX unit to my desk, and something for clipping my cellphone to my bike handlebars.

与编程无关?不…但在1980年，声音制作也不是。或者视频分发。或者给赞比亚的亲戚发信息。大处着眼，伙计们……：）

在虚拟世界中，你由虚拟的另一个自我(又名阿凡达)代表，用于社交和角色扮演。

最常被称为mmo -大规模(ly)多人在线。一些流行的例子包括《魔兽世界》、《无尽的任务》和《第二人生》。

PS:不，他们仍然不需要像80年代极客电影中典型的那样戴着沉重的帽子。真可惜....