上世纪八十年代初，施乐帕洛阿尔托研究中心对计算机蠕虫进行了研究。

摘自John Shoch和Jon Hupp的“蠕虫”程序——分布式计算的早期经验”(ACM通讯，1982年3月，第25卷第3期，172-180页，1982年3月):

In The Shockwave Rider, J. Brunner developed the notion of an omnipotent "tapeworm" program running loose through a network of computers - an idea which may seem rather disturbing, but which is also quite beyond our current capabilities. The basic model, however, remains a very provocative one: a program or a computation that can move from machine to machine, harnessing resources as needed, and replicating itself when necessary. In a similar vein, we once described a computational model based upon the classic science-fiction film, The Blob: a program that started out running in one machine, but as its appetite for computing cycles grew, it could reach out, find unused machines, and grow to encompass those resources. In the middle of the night, such a program could mobilize hundreds of machines in one building; in the morning, as users reclaimed their machines, the "blob" would have to retreat in an orderly manner, gathering up the intermediate results of its computation. Holed up in one or two machines during the day, the program could emerge again later as resources became available, again expanding the computation. (This affinity for nighttime exploration led one researcher to describe these as "vampire programs.")

引用艾伦·凯的话:“预测未来最好的方法就是创造未来。”

I'd say the biggest trend is an ever increasing lack of location dependence and pervasiveness. An interesting philosophical exercise these days is to count the computers in you immediate area. They're everywhere desktops, keyboards, microwaves, radios, televisions, cell phones etc... My grandmother computer is illiterate however her life is as infested with small computers as everyone else's. She can make a call to me from the middle of an empty field. I can then answer that call zipping down the highway.

我认为我们需要真正的新想法 在计算机的大部分领域，我 想知道有什么重要的吗 以及已经完成的强有力的任务 最近。如果我们真的找不到 他们，那么我们应该问“为什么? “我们该怎么办?”

在我看来，我们在计算领域没有那么多新想法，因为我们在很大程度上不需要它们。我们一直在挖掘旧的想法，并从中获得了很多东西，比如cpu速度的显著增长。

当我们因为“井干了”而需要新想法时，我们就会明白需求是发明之母。

“奇点”，以及所有类似的项目，即用托管代码开发操作系统。

The mouse - There have been posts about human interaction. To me, the mouse was the gateway to human interaction. Without it, we'd still be typing and not clicking in dragging, even with our fingers. GUI - Complimented the mouse perfectly. I work in an environment where an as400 is the backend of one of our major apps. Yeah.. Interesting stuff but it just reminds me of the screens 'Bill Gates' is working in in the movie 'Pirates of Silicon Valley' even though that's not what it was. To me, 1 and 2 are the reason anybody, including grandpas and grandmas can use a computer. Excel / spreadsheets - Someone mentioned this before but it's work mentioning again. It's so user friendly and is a great entry point for non-technical users to try their hand at simple programming concepts when performing calculations on cells. Granted it came out before 1980, but the versions post 1980 are when the technology in spreadsheets evolved. Internet (of course) - Not sure how people wrote code without it! Don't flame me for repeating because this belongs on every list. INTELLISENSE - LOVE IT LOVE IT LOVE IT!!!!

为了开始思考这个问题，我需要一个关于“创新”意味着什么的模型。

我所见过的最好的模式是技术采用生命周期。你可以在这篇维基百科文章中得到一个概述。

利用这个模型，我开始问自己……软件本身处于生命周期的哪个阶段?我们可以把“软件”看作一种不同于机械的技术，这种技术可以一直追溯到巴贝奇(Babbage)，或者更准确地说，追溯到Ada Lovelace夫人。

但至少在1951年之前，它仍然处于非常早期的开拓阶段。这是编程计算机“商业化”的一年，即销售计算机产品的模型，并制造大量该模型的单元。我在想Univac卖给人口普查局的那台机器。

从1951年到1985年，软件创新层出不穷。它们主要与将计算的范围扩展到一个更广阔的领域有关。与此同时，大规模营销和大规模生产不断降低入门成本，直到苹果和IBM-PC使可编程设备成为一种常见的设备。

在1980年到1985年之间，我认为软件从创新者的领域过渡到“早期大多数”领域。抱歉，伙计们，这让你们所有参与MS-DOS, Mac, Windows, c++和Java早期的大多数人而不是创新者。这并不妨碍你在自己的领域和自己的项目中进行重大创新。这只是意味着这个领域本身已经从最早的阶段发展起来了。

虽然互联网的前身早在20世纪70年代就出现了，但直到阿尔·戈尔发明了互联网(抱歉)，人们才开始上网。在那个阶段，软件从早期的主流变成了晚期的主流。正如钟形曲线的顶部所显示的那样，这种变化是微妙的。并非所有商店都同时从早期多数转变为晚期多数。

我认为软件还没有完全进入“落后”阶段，但我认为真正的创新者正在解决今天在不同战线上产生进步的问题。

我能想到的两个方面是生物工程和信息设备。这两个领域都需要软件，但主要的推力不是软件创新。它正在把软件应用到未知领域。可能还有很多我不知道的战线。