我遇到了和查德类似的情况，但找到了不同的答案。

根据插件文档，你不能使用${…}在<argLine>中，因为Maven将在surefire插件(或任何其他插件)之前拾取它进行替换。

从2.17版本开始，插件支持@{…}而不是${…}用于属性替换。

举个例子，替换这个

<argLine>XX:MaxPermSize=1024m ${moreArgs}</argLine>

用这个

<argLine>XX:MaxPermSize=1024m @{moreArgs}</argLine>

在我的案例中，这个问题与工作区路径太长有关。所以我做了一个路径重构，这解决了我的问题。

关闭maven-surefile-plugin的useSystemClassLoader应该会有帮助

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.22.0</version>
    <configuration>
        <useSystemClassLoader>false</useSystemClassLoader>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

Surefire FAQ的这一部分可以帮助你:

Surefire fails with the message "The forked VM terminated without properly saying goodbye" Surefire does not support tests or any referenced libraries calling System.exit() at any time. If they do so, they are incompatible with surefire and you should probably file an issue with the library/vendor. Alternatively the forked VM could also crash for a number of reasons, which can also make this issue happen. Look for the classical "hs_err*" files indicating VM crashes or examine the log output from running maven when the tests execute. Some "extraordinary" output from crashing processes may be dumped to the console/log. If this happens on a CI environment and only after some time runs there is a fair chance your test suite is leaking some kind of OS-level resource that makes things worse for every run. Regular os-level monitoring tools may give you some indication.

当我试图在运行JAVA = 1.8的windows 10环境上编译一个设置为1.7的maven项目时，确实遇到了同样的问题。

我通过将java版本从1.7更改为1.8来解决这个问题，如下所示。

 <plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.3</version>
    <configuration>
      <source>1.8</source>
      <target>1.8</target>
    </configuration>
  </plugin>

以上都试过了，都没用。下面的解决方案适合我:

<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.19.1</version>
<configuration>
    <argLine>-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8</argLine>
</configuration>