我建议运行一个数据迁移，这样当迁移应用到项目中时，超级用户将作为迁移的一部分被创建。用户名和密码可以设置为环境变量。这在容器中运行应用程序时也很有用(以这个线程为例)。

您的数据迁移将看起来像这样:

import os
from django.db import migrations

class Migration(migrations.Migration):
    dependencies = [
        ('<your_app>', '<previous_migration>'),
    ] # can also be emtpy if it's your first migration

    def generate_superuser(apps, schema_editor):
        from django.contrib.auth.models import User

        DJANGO_SU_NAME = os.environ.get('DJANGO_SU_NAME')
        DJANGO_SU_EMAIL = os.environ.get('DJANGO_SU_EMAIL')
        DJANGO_SU_PASSWORD = os.environ.get('DJANGO_SU_PASSWORD')

        superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(
            username=DJANGO_SU_NAME,
            email=DJANGO_SU_EMAIL,
            password=DJANGO_SU_PASSWORD)

        superuser.save()

    operations = [
        migrations.RunPython(generate_superuser),
    ]

希望有帮助!

编辑: 有些人可能会提出这样的问题:如何设置这些环境变量并让Django知道它们。有很多方法，在其他SO帖子中已经回答过了，但是作为一个快速的指针，创建一个.env文件是一个好主意。然后您可以使用python-dotenv包，但是如果您已经使用pipenv设置了一个虚拟环境，它将自动在您的.env文件中设置envars。同样地，通过docker-compose运行你的应用程序可以读取你的.env文件。

目前投票最多的答案:

如果用户存在，则删除该用户，正如@Groady在评论中指出的那样，您可能会无意中通过级联删除删除任何相关记录。 通过邮件检查超级用户是否存在，如果两个超级用户有相同的邮件，天知道它会删除哪一个。 更新脚本参数:用户名、密码和邮件非常麻烦。 不记录它所做的事情。

改进后的版本如下:

USER="admin"
PASS="super_password"
MAIL="admin@mail.com"
script="
from django.contrib.auth.models import User;

username = '$USER';
password = '$PASS';
email = '$MAIL';

if User.objects.filter(username=username).count()==0:
    User.objects.create_superuser(username, email, password);
    print('Superuser created.');
else:
    print('Superuser creation skipped.');
"
printf "$script" | python manage.py shell

我喜欢使用无服务器/docker构建AppConfig。Ready方法/事件来执行这种操作，这里有一个例子:

import logging

from django.apps import AppConfig
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as gettext


class Config(AppConfig):
    name: str = "apps.policy"
    label: str = "policy"
    verbose_name: str = gettext("Policies")

    @classmethod
    def ready(cls):
        user_model = get_user_model()
        log = logging.getLogger(cls.label)

        try:
            if not user_model.objects.filter(username="admin").first():
                log.info("Creating default superuser with user and password: admin")
                user_model.objects.create_superuser('admin', 'admin@admin.admin', 'admin')
        except Exception:
            log.warn(
                "Found an error trying to create the superuser, if you aren't"
                "run the user model migration yet, ignore this message"
            )

当我第一次在数据库中启动我的项目时，我看到:

2021-06-22 06:19:02 policy/info  Creating default superuser with user and password: admin
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (1 silenced).
June 22, 2021 - 06:19:02
Django version 3.1.12, using settings 'settings.env.default'
Starting development server at http://0.0.0.0:8027/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

进入命令提示符并输入:

C:\WINDOWS\system32>pip install django-createsuperuser
Collecting django-createsuperuser
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/93/8c/344c6367afa62b709adebee039d09229675f1ee34d424180fcee9ed857a5/django-createsuperuser-2019.4.13.tar.gz
Requirement already satisfied: Django>1.0 in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from django-createsuperuser) (2.2.1)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from django-createsuperuser) (41.0.1)
Requirement already satisfied: sqlparse in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from Django>1.0->django-createsuperuser) (0.3.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pytz in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from Django>1.0->django-createsuperuser) (2018.7)
Building wheels for collected packages: django-createsuperuser
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for django-createsuperuser ... done
  Stored in directory: C:\Users\Arif Khan\AppData\Local\pip\Cache\wheels\0c\96\2a\e73e95bd420e844d3da1c9d3e496c92642a4f2181535440db2
Successfully built django-createsuperuser
Installing collected packages: django-createsuperuser

如果没有执行迁移，那么转到django应用程序文件夹并执行以下命令

Python manage.py迁移 Python manage.py创建超级用户

宾果。

from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class Command(BaseCommand):

    def handle(self, *args, **options):

        # The magic line
        User.objects.create_user(username= 'rmx',
                                email='superuser@super.com',
                                password='rmx55',
                                is_staff=True,
                                is_active=True,
                                is_superuser=True
        )

您可以编写一个简单的python脚本来处理超级用户创建的自动化。User模型只是一个普通的Django模型，所以你要遵循编写独立Django脚本的正常过程。例:

import django
django.setup()

from django.contrib.auth.models import User

u = User(username='unique_fellow')
u.set_password('a_very_cryptic_password')
u.is_superuser = True
u.is_staff = True
u.save()

您还可以向createsuperuser传递一些选项，即——noinput和——username，这将允许您自动创建新的超级用户，但他们将无法登录，直到您为他们设置密码。