如何在Python中将彩色文本输出到终端?


当前回答

我建议这个新图书馆Printy。他们刚刚发布了版本1.2.0作为跨平台库。

过来看:GitHub上的Printy

它基于标志,所以你可以做类似的事情

from printy import printy

# With global flags, this will apply a bold (B) red (r) color and an underline (U) to the whole text
printy("Hello, World!", "rBU")

# With inline formats, this will apply a dim (D)
#blue (b) to the word 'Hello' and a stroken (S)
#yellow (y) to the word 'world', and the rest will remain as the predefined format
printy("this is a [bD]Hello@ [yS]world@ text")

其他回答

您可以使用pygments模块来执行此操作。例如:

from pygments import console
print(pygments.console.colorize("red", "This text is red."))

这不允许您为终端提供十六进制颜色,但您可以尝试许多内置颜色,如“蓝色”、“深绿色”、“黄色”等。

这在某种程度上取决于您所在的平台。最常见的方法是打印ANSI转义序列。举个简单的例子,这里有一些来自Blender构建脚本的Python代码:

class bcolors:
    HEADER = '\033[95m'
    OKBLUE = '\033[94m'
    OKCYAN = '\033[96m'
    OKGREEN = '\033[92m'
    WARNING = '\033[93m'
    FAIL = '\033[91m'
    ENDC = '\033[0m'
    BOLD = '\033[1m'
    UNDERLINE = '\033[4m'

要使用这样的代码,可以执行以下操作:

print(bcolors.WARNING + "Warning: No active frommets remain. Continue?" + bcolors.ENDC)

或者,使用Python 3.6+:

print(f"{bcolors.WARNING}Warning: No active frommets remain. Continue?{bcolors.ENDC}")

这将在包括OS X、Linux和Windows在内的UNIX上运行(如果您使用ANSICON,或者在Windows 10中启用VT100仿真)。有用于设置颜色、移动光标等的ANSI代码。

如果你要对此感到复杂(如果你正在编写游戏,这听起来就像是这样),你应该看看“诅咒”模块,它为你处理了很多复杂的部分。Python诅咒HowTO是一个很好的介绍。

如果您不使用扩展ASCII(即,不在PC上),则您只能使用127以下的ASCII字符,而“#”或“@”可能是块的最佳选择。如果您可以确保您的终端使用的是IBM扩展的ASCII字符集,那么您有更多的选项。字符176、177、178和219是“块字符”。

一些基于文本的现代程序,如“矮人堡垒”,以图形模式模拟文本模式,并使用经典PC字体的图像。您可以在矮人要塞Wiki中找到一些位图(用户制作的瓷砖)。

文本模式演示比赛有更多的资源用于在文本模式下制作图形。

这里有一个快速类,它包装了一个打印功能,可以快速添加颜色,而无需安装其他软件包。

class PrintColored:
    DEFAULT = '\033[0m'
    # Styles
    BOLD = '\033[1m'
    ITALIC = '\033[3m'
    UNDERLINE = '\033[4m'
    UNDERLINE_THICK = '\033[21m'
    HIGHLIGHTED = '\033[7m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_BLACK = '\033[40m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_RED = '\033[41m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_GREEN = '\033[42m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_YELLOW = '\033[43m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_BLUE = '\033[44m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_PURPLE = '\033[45m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_CYAN = '\033[46m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_GREY = '\033[47m'

    HIGHLIGHTED_GREY_LIGHT = '\033[100m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_RED_LIGHT = '\033[101m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_GREEN_LIGHT = '\033[102m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_YELLOW_LIGHT = '\033[103m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_BLUE_LIGHT = '\033[104m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_PURPLE_LIGHT = '\033[105m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_CYAN_LIGHT = '\033[106m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_WHITE_LIGHT = '\033[107m'

    STRIKE_THROUGH = '\033[9m'
    MARGIN_1 = '\033[51m'
    MARGIN_2 = '\033[52m' # seems equal to MARGIN_1
    # colors
    BLACK = '\033[30m'
    RED_DARK = '\033[31m'
    GREEN_DARK = '\033[32m'
    YELLOW_DARK = '\033[33m'
    BLUE_DARK = '\033[34m'
    PURPLE_DARK = '\033[35m'
    CYAN_DARK = '\033[36m'
    GREY_DARK = '\033[37m'

    BLACK_LIGHT = '\033[90m'
    RED = '\033[91m'
    GREEN = '\033[92m'
    YELLOW = '\033[93m'
    BLUE = '\033[94m'
    PURPLE = '\033[95m'
    CYAN = '\033[96m'
    WHITE = '\033[96m'

    def __init__(self):
        self.print_original = print # old value to the original print function
        self.current_color = self.DEFAULT

    def __call__(self,
                 *values: object, sep: str | None = None,
                 end: str | None = None,
                 file: str | None = None,
                 flush: bool = False,
                 color: str|None = None,
                 default_color: str|None = None,
    ):
        if default_color:
            self.current_color = default_color

        default = self.current_color
        if color:
            values = (color, *values, default)  # wrap the content within a selected color an a default
        else:
            values = (*values, default)  # wrap the content within a selected color an a default
        self.print_original(*values, end=end, file=file, flush=flush)

用法

class PrintColored:
    DEFAULT = '\033[0m'
    # Styles
    BOLD = '\033[1m'
    ITALIC = '\033[3m'
    UNDERLINE = '\033[4m'
    UNDERLINE_THICK = '\033[21m'
    HIGHLIGHTED = '\033[7m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_BLACK = '\033[40m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_RED = '\033[41m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_GREEN = '\033[42m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_YELLOW = '\033[43m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_BLUE = '\033[44m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_PURPLE = '\033[45m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_CYAN = '\033[46m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_GREY = '\033[47m'

    HIGHLIGHTED_GREY_LIGHT = '\033[100m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_RED_LIGHT = '\033[101m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_GREEN_LIGHT = '\033[102m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_YELLOW_LIGHT = '\033[103m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_BLUE_LIGHT = '\033[104m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_PURPLE_LIGHT = '\033[105m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_CYAN_LIGHT = '\033[106m'
    HIGHLIGHTED_WHITE_LIGHT = '\033[107m'

    STRIKE_THROUGH = '\033[9m'
    MARGIN_1 = '\033[51m'
    MARGIN_2 = '\033[52m' # seems equal to MARGIN_1
    # colors
    BLACK = '\033[30m'
    RED_DARK = '\033[31m'
    GREEN_DARK = '\033[32m'
    YELLOW_DARK = '\033[33m'
    BLUE_DARK = '\033[34m'
    PURPLE_DARK = '\033[35m'
    CYAN_DARK = '\033[36m'
    GREY_DARK = '\033[37m'

    BLACK_LIGHT = '\033[90m'
    RED = '\033[91m'
    GREEN = '\033[92m'
    YELLOW = '\033[93m'
    BLUE = '\033[94m'
    PURPLE = '\033[95m'
    CYAN = '\033[96m'
    WHITE = '\033[96m'

    def __init__(self):
        self.print_original = print # old value to the original print function
        self.current_color = self.DEFAULT

    def __call__(self,
                 *values: object, sep: str | None = None,
                 end: str | None = None,
                 file: str | None = None,
                 flush: bool = False,
                 color: str|None = None,
                 default_color: str|None = None,
    ):
        if default_color:
            self.current_color = default_color

        default = self.current_color
        if color:
            values = (color, *values, default)  # wrap the content within a selected color an a default
        else:
            values = (*values, default)  # wrap the content within a selected color an a default
        self.print_original(*values, end=end, file=file, flush=flush)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print = PrintColored()

    print("Hello world - default")
    print("Hello world - Bold", color=print.BOLD)
    print("Hello world - Italic", color=print.ITALIC)
    print("Hello world - Underline", color=print.UNDERLINE)
    print("Hello world - UNDERLINE_THICK", color=print.UNDERLINE_THICK)
    print("Hello world - HighLithted", color=print.HIGHLIGHTED)
    print("Hello world - HIGHLIGHTED_BLACK", color=print.HIGHLIGHTED_BLACK)
    print("Hello world - HIGHLIGHTED_RED", color=print.HIGHLIGHTED_RED)
    print("Hello world - HIGHLIGHTED_GREEN", color=print.HIGHLIGHTED_GREEN)
    print("Hello world - HIGHLIGHTED_YELLOW", color=print.HIGHLIGHTED_YELLOW)
    print("Hello world - HIGHLIGHTED_BLUE", color=print.HIGHLIGHTED_BLUE)
    print("Hello world - HIGHLIGHTED_PURPLE", color=print.HIGHLIGHTED_PURPLE)
    print("Hello world - HIGHLIGHTED_CYAN", color=print.HIGHLIGHTED_CYAN)
    print("Hello world - HIGHLIGHTED_GREY", color=print.HIGHLIGHTED_GREY)
    print("Hello world - HIGHLIGHTED_GREY_LIGHT", color=print.HIGHLIGHTED_GREY_LIGHT)
    print("Hello world - HIGHLIGHTED_RED_LIGHT", color=print.HIGHLIGHTED_RED_LIGHT)
    print("Hello world - HIGHLIGHTED_GREEN_LIGHT", color=print.HIGHLIGHTED_GREEN_LIGHT)
    print("Hello world - HIGHLIGHTED_YELLOW_LIGHT", color=print.HIGHLIGHTED_YELLOW_LIGHT)
    print("Hello world - HIGHLIGHTED_BLUE_LIGHT", color=print.HIGHLIGHTED_BLUE_LIGHT)
    print("Hello world - HIGHLIGHTED_PURPLE_LIGHT", color=print.HIGHLIGHTED_PURPLE_LIGHT)
    print("Hello world - HIGHLIGHTED_CYAN_LIGHT", color=print.HIGHLIGHTED_CYAN_LIGHT)
    print("Hello world - HIGHLIGHTED_WHITE_LIGHT", color=print.HIGHLIGHTED_WHITE_LIGHT)
    print("Hello world - STRIKE_THROUGH", color=print.STRIKE_THROUGH)
    print("Hello world - MARGIN_1", color=print.MARGIN_1)
    print("Hello world - MARGIN_2", color=print.MARGIN_2)

    print("Hello world - BLACK", color=print.BLACK)
    print("Hello world - RED_DARK", color=print.RED_DARK)
    print("Hello world - GREEN_DARK", color=print.GREEN_DARK)
    print("Hello world - YELLOW_DARK", color=print.YELLOW_DARK)
    print("Hello world - BLUE_DARK", color=print.BLUE_DARK)
    print("Hello world - PURPLE_DARK", color=print.PURPLE_DARK)
    print("Hello world - CYAN_DARK", color=print.CYAN_DARK)
    print("Hello world - GREY_DARK", color=print.GREY_DARK)
    print("Hello world - BLACK_LIGHT", color=print.BLACK_LIGHT)
    print("Hello world - BLACK_LIGHT", color=print.BLACK_LIGHT)
    print("Hello world - RED", color=print.RED)
    print("Hello world - GREEN", color=print.GREEN)
    print("Hello world - YELLOW", color=print.YELLOW)
    print("Hello world - BLUE", color=print.BLUE)
    print("Hello world - PURPLE", color=print.PURPLE)
    print("Hello world - CYAN", color=print.CYAN)
    print("Hello world - WHITE", color=print.WHITE)

    # Back to normal
    print("", default_color=print.DEFAULT)
    print("Hello world - default")


输出

这里有一个简单的函数,我使用它来打印彩色文本消息,而不必记住ANSI代码,而是使用标准RGB元组来定义前景和背景颜色。

def print_in_color(txt_msg, fore_tuple, back_tuple, ):
    # Prints the text_msg in the foreground color specified by fore_tuple with the background specified by back_tuple
    # text_msg is the text, fore_tuple is foreground color tuple (r,g,b), back_tuple is background tuple (r,g,b)
    rf,bf,gf = fore_tuple
    rb,gb,bb = back_tuple
    msg = '{0}' + txt_msg
    mat = '\33[38;2;' + str(rf) + ';' + str(gf) + ';' + str(bf) + ';48;2;' + str(rb) + ';' +str(gb) + ';' + str(bb) + 'm'
    print(msg .format(mat))
    print('\33[0m') # Returns default print color to back to black

# Example of use using a message with variables
fore_color = 'cyan'
back_color = 'dark green'
msg = 'foreground color is {0} and the background color is {1}'.format(fore_color, back_color)
print_in_color(msg, (0,255,255), (0,127,127))

另一个包装Python3打印功能的PyPI模块:

https://pypi.python.org/pypi/colorprint

如果您也可以从__future_import-print中使用,它可以在Python2.x中使用。下面是模块PyPI页面中的Python 2示例:

from __future__ import print_function
from colorprint import *

print('Hello', 'world', color='blue', end='', sep=', ')
print('!', color='red', format=['bold', 'blink'])

它输出“你好,世界!”,单词为蓝色,感叹号为粗体红色并闪烁。