下面的打印语句将打印“hello world”。有人能解释一下吗？
System.out.println(randomString(-229985452) + " " + randomString(-147909649));
randomString（）如下所示：
public static String randomString(int i)
{
Random ran = new Random(i);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
while (true)
{
int k = ran.nextInt(27);
if (k == 0)
break;
sb.append((char)('`' + k));
}
return sb.toString();
}
当前回答
由于多线程在Java中非常容易，这里有一个变体，它使用所有可用的内核搜索种子：http://ideone.com/ROhmTA
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
public class SeedFinder {
static class SearchTask implements Callable<Long> {
private final char[] goal;
private final long start, step;
public SearchTask(final String goal, final long offset, final long step) {
final char[] goalAsArray = goal.toCharArray();
this.goal = new char[goalAsArray.length + 1];
System.arraycopy(goalAsArray, 0, this.goal, 0, goalAsArray.length);
this.start = Long.MIN_VALUE + offset;
this.step = step;
}
@Override
public Long call() throws Exception {
final long LIMIT = Long.MAX_VALUE - this.step;
final Random random = new Random();
int position, rnd;
long seed = this.start;
while ((Thread.interrupted() == false) && (seed < LIMIT)) {
random.setSeed(seed);
position = 0;
rnd = random.nextInt(27);
while (((rnd == 0) && (this.goal[position] == 0))
|| ((char) ('`' + rnd) == this.goal[position])) {
++position;
if (position == this.goal.length) {
return seed;
}
rnd = random.nextInt(27);
}
seed += this.step;
}
throw new Exception("No match found");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final String GOAL = "hello".toLowerCase();
final int NUM_CORES = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
final ArrayList<SearchTask> tasks = new ArrayList<>(NUM_CORES);
for (int i = 0; i < NUM_CORES; ++i) {
tasks.add(new SearchTask(GOAL, i, NUM_CORES));
}
final ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(NUM_CORES, new ThreadFactory() {
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
final Thread result = new Thread(r);
result.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY); // make sure we do not block more important tasks
result.setDaemon(false);
return result;
}
});
try {
final Long result = executor.invokeAny(tasks);
System.out.println("Seed for \"" + GOAL + "\" found: " + result);
} catch (Exception ex) {
System.err.println("Calculation failed: " + ex);
} finally {
executor.shutdownNow();
}
}
}
其他回答
该方法源自Denis Tulskiy的答案，生成种子。
public static long generateSeed(String goal, long start, long finish) {
char[] input = goal.toCharArray();
char[] pool = new char[input.length];
label:
for (long seed = start; seed < finish; seed++) {
Random random = new Random(seed);
for (int i = 0; i < input.length; i++)
pool[i] = (char) (random.nextInt(27)+'`');
if (random.nextInt(27) == 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < input.length; i++) {
if (input[i] != pool[i])
continue label;
}
return seed;
}
}
throw new NoSuchElementException("Sorry :/");
}
事实上，大多数随机数生成器都是“伪随机”的。它们是线性同余生成器，或LCG(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_congruential_generator)
给定固定的种子，LCG是非常可预测的。基本上，使用给你第一个字母的种子，然后编写一个应用程序，继续生成下一个int（char），直到你命中目标字符串中的下一个字母，并记下你需要调用LCG的次数。继续，直到生成每个字母。
其他答案解释了原因，但这里是如何解释的。
给定Random的一个实例：
Random r = new Random(-229985452)
r.nextInt（27）生成的前6个数字是：
8
5
12
12
15
0
并且r.nextInt（27）生成给定Random r＝new Random（-1470909649）的前6个数字是：
23
15
18
12
4
0
然后，只需将这些数字添加到字符“”的整数表示形式（即96）：
8 + 96 = 104 --> h
5 + 96 = 101 --> e
12 + 96 = 108 --> l
12 + 96 = 108 --> l
15 + 96 = 111 --> o
23 + 96 = 119 --> w
15 + 96 = 111 --> o
18 + 96 = 114 --> r
12 + 96 = 108 --> l
4 + 96 = 100 --> d
这是丹尼斯·图尔斯基回答的一个小改进。它把时间缩短了一半
public static long[] generateSeed(String goal, long start, long finish) {
char[] input = goal.toCharArray();
int[] dif = new int[input.length - 1];
for (int i = 1; i < input.length; i++) {
dif[i - 1] = input[i] - input[i - 1];
}
mainLoop:
for (long seed = start; seed < finish; seed++) {
Random random = new Random(seed);
int lastChar = random.nextInt(27);
int base = input[0] - lastChar;
for (int d : dif) {
int nextChar = random.nextInt(27);
if (nextChar - lastChar != d) {
continue mainLoop;
}
lastChar = nextChar;
}
if(random.nextInt(27) == 0){
return new long[]{seed, base};
}
}
throw new NoSuchElementException("Sorry :/");
}
当java.util.Random的实例使用特定的种子参数（在本例中为-22985452或-147090649）构建时，它遵循从该种子值开始的随机数生成算法。
使用相同种子构建的每个随机数每次都会生成相同的数字模式。
