我们的Git存储库最初是一个大型SVN存储库的一部分，其中每个项目都有自己的树，如下所示:
project1/branches
/tags
/trunk
project2/branches
/tags
/trunk
显然，使用svn mv将文件从一个文件移动到另一个文件非常容易。但是在Git中，每个项目都在它自己的存储库中，今天我被要求将一个子目录从project2移动到project1。我是这样做的:
$ git clone project2
$ cd project2
$ git filter-branch --subdirectory-filter deeply/buried/java/source/directory/A -- --all
$ git remote rm origin # so I don't accidentally overwrite the repo ;-)
$ mkdir -p deeply/buried/different/java/source/directory/B
$ for f in *.java; do
> git mv $f deeply/buried/different/java/source/directory/B
> done
$ git commit -m "moved files to new subdirectory"
$ cd ..
$
$ git clone project1
$ cd project1
$ git remote add p2 ../project2
$ git fetch p2
$ git branch p2 remotes/p2/master
$ git merge p2 # --allow-unrelated-histories for git 2.9+
$ git remote rm p2
$ git push
但这似乎相当复杂。有没有更好的方法来做这类事情呢?还是我采取了正确的方法?
注意，这涉及到将历史合并到现有的存储库中，而不是简单地从另一个存储库的一部分创建一个新的独立存储库(如前面的问题中所述)。
如果有关文件的路径在两个repo中是相同的，并且您希望只带来一个文件或一小组相关文件，一个简单的方法是使用git进行选择。
第一步是使用git fetch <remote-url>将从另一个repo提交到您自己的本地repo。这将使FETCH_HEAD指向从另一个repo提交的头;如果你想在你完成了其他的取回之后保留对该提交的引用，你可以使用git tag other-head FETCH_HEAD来标记它。
You will then need to create an initial commit for that file (if it doesn't exist) or a commit to bring the file to a state that can be patched with the first commit from the other repo you want to bring in. You may be able to do this with a git cherry-pick <commit-0> if commit-0 introduced the files you want, or you may need to construct the commit 'by hand'. Add -n to the cherry-pick options if you need to modify the initial commit to, e.g., drop files from that commit you don't want to bring in.
在此之后，您可以继续精选后续提交，在必要时再次使用-n。在最简单的情况下(所有提交都是你想要的，并且干净地应用)，你可以在cherry-pick命令行上给出完整的提交列表:git cherry-pick <commit-1> <commit-2> <commit-3> ....
使用来自http://blog.neutrino.es/2012/git-copy-a-file-or-directory-from-another-repository-preserving-history/的灵感，我创建了这个Powershell函数来做同样的事情，到目前为止对我来说效果很好:
# Migrates the git history of a file or directory from one Git repo to another.
# Start in the root directory of the source repo.
# Also, before running this, I recommended that $destRepoDir be on a new branch that the history will be migrated to.
# Inspired by: http://blog.neutrino.es/2012/git-copy-a-file-or-directory-from-another-repository-preserving-history/
function Migrate-GitHistory
{
# The file or directory within the current Git repo to migrate.
param([string] $fileOrDir)
# Path to the destination repo
param([string] $destRepoDir)
# A temp directory to use for storing the patch file (optional)
param([string] $tempDir = "\temp\migrateGit")
mkdir $tempDir
# git log $fileOrDir -- to list commits that will be migrated
Write-Host "Generating patch files for the history of $fileOrDir ..." -ForegroundColor Cyan
git format-patch -o $tempDir --root -- $fileOrDir
cd $destRepoDir
Write-Host "Applying patch files to restore the history of $fileOrDir ..." -ForegroundColor Cyan
ls $tempDir -Filter *.patch `
| foreach { git am $_.FullName }
}
这个例子的用法:
git clone project2
git clone project1
cd project1
# Create a new branch to migrate to
git checkout -b migrate-from-project2
cd ..\project2
Migrate-GitHistory "deeply\buried\java\source\directory\A" "..\project1"
完成此操作后，可以在合并migrate-from-project2分支之前重新组织该分支上的文件。
保留目录名
子目录过滤器(或更短的命令git子树)工作得很好，但对我来说并不管用，因为他们从提交信息中删除了目录名。在我的场景中，我只想将一个存储库的部分合并到另一个存储库中，并保留历史记录WITH完整的路径名。
我的解决方案是使用树筛选器，简单地从源存储库的临时克隆中删除不需要的文件和目录，然后通过5个简单步骤将该克隆拉入目标存储库。
# 1. clone the source
git clone ssh://<user>@<source-repo url>
cd <source-repo>
# 2. remove the stuff we want to exclude
git filter-branch --tree-filter "rm -rf <files to exclude>" --prune-empty HEAD
# 3. move to target repo and create a merge branch (for safety)
cd <path to target-repo>
git checkout -b <merge branch>
# 4. Add the source-repo as remote
git remote add source-repo <path to source-repo>
# 5. fetch it
git pull source-repo master
# 6. check that you got it right (better safe than sorry, right?)
gitk
在我的例子中，我不需要保存我正在迁移的回购，也不需要保存任何以前的历史记录。我用不同的遥控器，截取了同一根树枝的补丁
#Source directory
git remote rm origin
#Target directory
git remote add branch-name-from-old-repo ../source_directory
在这两个步骤中，我能够让另一个回购的分支出现在同一个回购中。
最后，我设置这个分支(我从另一个回购导入)遵循目标回购的主线(所以我可以准确地区分它们)
git br --set-upstream-to=origin/mainline
现在它的行为就好像它只是我在同一次回购中推的另一个分支。
在尝试了将文件或文件夹从一个Git存储库移动到另一个存储库的各种方法后，下面概述了唯一可靠的方法。
它包括克隆要从中移动文件或文件夹的存储库，将该文件或文件夹移动到根目录，重写Git历史记录，克隆目标存储库，并将具有历史记录的文件或文件夹直接拉到目标存储库中。
阶段一
Make a copy of repository A as the following steps make major
changes to this copy which you should not push!
git clone --branch <branch> --origin origin --progress \
-v <git repository A url>
# eg. git clone --branch master --origin origin --progress \
# -v https://username@giturl/scm/projects/myprojects.git
# (assuming myprojects is the repository you want to copy from)
cd into it
cd <git repository A directory>
# eg. cd /c/Working/GIT/myprojects
Delete the link to the original repository to avoid accidentally
making any remote changes (eg. by pushing)
git remote rm origin
Go through your history and files, removing anything that is not in
directory 1. The result is the contents of directory 1 spewed out
into to the base of repository A.
git filter-branch --subdirectory-filter <directory> -- --all
# eg. git filter-branch --subdirectory-filter subfolder1/subfolder2/FOLDER_TO_KEEP -- --all
For single file move only: go through what's left and remove
everything except the desired file. (You may need to delete files
you don't want with the same name and commit.)
git filter-branch -f --index-filter \
'git ls-files -s | grep $'\t'FILE_TO_KEEP$ |
GIT_INDEX_FILE=$GIT_INDEX_FILE.new \
git update-index --index-info && \
mv $GIT_INDEX_FILE.new $GIT_INDEX_FILE || echo "Nothing to do"' --prune-empty -- --all
# eg. FILE_TO_KEEP = pom.xml to keep only the pom.xml file from FOLDER_TO_KEEP
第二阶段
清理步骤
Git重置——很难
清理步骤
Git gc -aggressive
清理步骤
git修剪
你可能想要将这些文件导入存储库B中的一个目录，而不是根目录:
创建那个目录
Mkdir <基本目录>;mkdir FOLDER_TO_KEEP
将文件移动到该目录
Git mv * <基本目录>git mv *文件夹to_keep
将文件添加到该目录
Git添加。
提交您的更改，我们准备将这些文件合并到
新的存储库
git提交
第三阶段
Make a copy of repository B if you don’t have one already
git clone <git repository B url>
# eg. git clone https://username@giturl/scm/projects/FOLDER_TO_KEEP.git
(assuming FOLDER_TO_KEEP is the name of the new repository you are copying to)
cd into it
cd <git repository B directory>
# eg. cd /c/Working/GIT/FOLDER_TO_KEEP
Create a remote connection to repository A as a branch in repository
B
git remote add repo-A-branch <git repository A directory>
# (repo-A-branch can be anything - it's just an arbitrary name)
# eg. git remote add repo-A-branch /c/Working/GIT/myprojects
Pull from this branch (containing only the directory you want to
move) into repository B.
git pull repo-A-branch master --allow-unrelated-histories
The pull copies both files and history. Note: You can use a merge instead of a pull, but pull works better.
Finally, you probably want to clean up a bit by removing the remote
connection to repository A
git remote rm repo-A-branch
Push and you’re all set.
git push
通过使用git-filter-repo，这变得更简单。
为了移动project2/sub/dir到project1/sub/dir:
# Create a new repo containing only the subdirectory:
git clone project2 project2_clone --no-local
cd project2_clone
git filter-repo --path sub/dir
# Merge the new repo:
cd ../project1
git remote add tmp ../project2_clone/
git fetch tmp master
git merge remotes/tmp/master --allow-unrelated-histories
git remote remove tmp
简单地安装工具:pip3 install git-filter-repo
(更多细节和选项在README)
# Before: (root)
.
|-- project1
| `-- 3
`-- project2
|-- 1
`-- sub
`-- dir
`-- 2
# After: (project1)
.
├── 3
└── sub
└── dir
└── 2
