假设字符串a和b:
a += b
a = a.concat(b)
在引擎盖下,它们是一样的吗?
这里是concat反编译作为参考。我希望能够反编译+操作符以及看看它做什么。
public String concat(String s) {
int i = s.length();
if (i == 0) {
return this;
}
else {
char ac[] = new char[count + i];
getChars(0, count, ac, 0);
s.getChars(0, i, ac, count);
return new String(0, count + i, ac);
}
}
我运行了类似于@marcio的测试,但使用了以下循环:
String c = a;
for (long i = 0; i < 100000L; i++) {
c = c.concat(b); // make sure javac cannot skip the loop
// using c += b for the alternative
}
为了更好的度量,我还添加了StringBuilder.append()。每个测试运行10次,每次运行100,000次。以下是调查结果:
StringBuilder轻松获胜。大多数运行的时钟时间结果为0,最长的运行时间为16毫秒。
A += b每次运行大约需要40000ms (40s)。
Concat每次运行只需要10000ms (10s)。
我还没有反编译类来查看内部结构或通过分析器运行它,但我怀疑a += b花了很多时间来创建StringBuilder的新对象,然后将它们转换回String。
基本上,+和concat方法之间有两个重要的区别。
If you are using the concat method then you would only be able to concatenate strings while in case of the + operator, you can also concatenate the string with any data type.
For Example:
String s = 10 + "Hello";
In this case, the output should be 10Hello.
String s = "I";
String s1 = s.concat("am").concat("good").concat("boy");
System.out.println(s1);
In the above case you have to provide two strings mandatory.
The second and main difference between + and concat is that:
Case 1:
Suppose I concat the same strings with concat operator in this way
String s="I";
String s1=s.concat("am").concat("good").concat("boy");
System.out.println(s1);
In this case total number of objects created in the pool are 7 like this:
I
am
good
boy
Iam
Iamgood
Iamgoodboy
Case 2:
Now I am going to concatinate the same strings via + operator
String s="I"+"am"+"good"+"boy";
System.out.println(s);
In the above case total number of objects created are only 5.
Actually when we concatinate the strings via + operator then it maintains a StringBuffer class to perform the same task as follows:-
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("I");
sb.append("am");
sb.append("good");
sb.append("boy");
System.out.println(sb);
In this way it will create only five objects.
伙计们,这就是+和concat方法的基本区别。
享受:)
为了完整起见,我想补充一下,'+'操作符的定义可以在JLS SE8 15.18.1中找到:
如果只有一个操作数表达式为String类型,则String
在另一个操作数上执行转换(§5.1.11)以生成一个
字符串。
字符串连接的结果是对string对象的引用
这是两个操作数字符串的连接。的字符
在右操作数字符的前面
新创建的字符串中的操作数。
String对象是新创建的(§12.5),除非表达式是
常量表达式(§15.28)
关于实现,JLS说了以下几点:
An implementation may choose to perform conversion and concatenation
in one step to avoid creating and then discarding an intermediate
String object. To increase the performance of repeated string
concatenation, a Java compiler may use the StringBuffer class or a
similar technique to reduce the number of intermediate String objects
that are created by evaluation of an expression.
For primitive types, an implementation may also optimize away the
creation of a wrapper object by converting directly from a primitive
type to a string.
因此,从“Java编译器可能使用StringBuffer类或类似的技术来减少”判断,不同的编译器可以产生不同的字节码。