public static String getMd5OfFile(String filePath)
{
    String returnVal = "";
    try 
    {
        InputStream   input   = new FileInputStream(filePath); 
        byte[]        buffer  = new byte[1024];
        MessageDigest md5Hash = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
        int           numRead = 0;
        while (numRead != -1)
        {
            numRead = input.read(buffer);
            if (numRead > 0)
            {
                md5Hash.update(buffer, 0, numRead);
            }
        }
        input.close();

        byte [] md5Bytes = md5Hash.digest();
        for (int i=0; i < md5Bytes.length; i++)
        {
            returnVal += Integer.toString( ( md5Bytes[i] & 0xff ) + 0x100, 16).substring( 1 );
        }
    } 
    catch(Throwable t) {t.printStackTrace();}
    return returnVal.toUpperCase();
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
    FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("c:\\apache\\cxf.jar");

    byte[] dataBytes = new byte[1024];

    int nread = 0;
    while ((nread = fis.read(dataBytes)) != -1) {
        md.update(dataBytes, 0, nread);
    };
    byte[] mdbytes = md.digest();
    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
    for (int i = 0; i < mdbytes.length; i++) {
        sb.append(Integer.toString((mdbytes[i] & 0xff) + 0x100, 16).substring(1));
    }
    System.out.println("Digest(in hex format):: " + sb.toString());
}

或者你可以得到更多的信息 http://www.asjava.com/core-java/java-md5-example/

非常快速和干净的java方法，不依赖于外部库:

(如果你想要，只需将MD5替换为SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384或SHA-512)

public String calcMD5() throws Exception{
        byte[] buffer = new byte[8192];
        MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");

        DigestInputStream dis = new DigestInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File("Path to file")), md);
        try {
            while (dis.read(buffer) != -1);
        }finally{
            dis.close();
        }

        byte[] bytes = md.digest();

        // bytesToHex-method
        char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];
        for ( int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++ ) {
            int v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;
            hexChars[j * 2] = hexArray[v >>> 4];
            hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = hexArray[v & 0x0F];
        }

        return new String(hexChars);
}

下面是一个方便的变体，它利用了Java 9中的InputStream.transferTo()和Java 11中的OutputStream.nullOutputStream()。它不需要外部库，也不需要将整个文件加载到内存中。

public static String hashFile(String algorithm, File f) throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
    MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance(algorithm);

    try(BufferedInputStream in = new BufferedInputStream((new FileInputStream(f)));
        DigestOutputStream out = new DigestOutputStream(OutputStream.nullOutputStream(), md)) {
        in.transferTo(out);
    }

    String fx = "%0" + (md.getDigestLength()*2) + "x";
    return String.format(fx, new BigInteger(1, md.digest()));
}

and

hashFile("SHA-512", Path.of("src", "test", "resources", "some.txt").toFile());

返回

"e30fa2784ba15be37833d569280e2163c6f106506dfb9b07dde67a24bfb90da65c661110cf2c5c6f71185754ee5ae3fd83a5465c92f72abd888b03187229da29"

下面是一个简单的函数，它包装了Sunil的代码，以File作为参数。该函数不需要任何外部库，但需要Java 7。

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;

import javax.xml.bind.DatatypeConverter;

public class Checksum {

    /**
     * Generates an MD5 checksum as a String.
     * @param file The file that is being checksummed.
     * @return Hex string of the checksum value.
     * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String generate(File file) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException,IOException {

        MessageDigest messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
        messageDigest.update(Files.readAllBytes(file.toPath()));
        byte[] hash = messageDigest.digest();

        return DatatypeConverter.printHexBinary(hash).toUpperCase();
    }

    public static void main(String argv[]) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, IOException {
        File file = new File("/Users/foo.bar/Documents/file.jar");          
        String hex = Checksum.generate(file);
        System.out.printf("hex=%s\n", hex);            
    }


}

示例输出:

hex=B117DD0C3CBBD009AC4EF65B6D75C97B

在Real的Java-How-to中有一个使用MessageDigest类的例子。

请查看该页面中使用CRC32和SHA-1的示例。

import java.io.*;
import java.security.MessageDigest;

public class MD5Checksum {

   public static byte[] createChecksum(String filename) throws Exception {
       InputStream fis =  new FileInputStream(filename);

       byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
       MessageDigest complete = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
       int numRead;

       do {
           numRead = fis.read(buffer);
           if (numRead > 0) {
               complete.update(buffer, 0, numRead);
           }
       } while (numRead != -1);

       fis.close();
       return complete.digest();
   }

   // see this How-to for a faster way to convert
   // a byte array to a HEX string
   public static String getMD5Checksum(String filename) throws Exception {
       byte[] b = createChecksum(filename);
       String result = "";

       for (int i=0; i < b.length; i++) {
           result += Integer.toString( ( b[i] & 0xff ) + 0x100, 16).substring( 1 );
       }
       return result;
   }

   public static void main(String args[]) {
       try {
           System.out.println(getMD5Checksum("apache-tomcat-5.5.17.exe"));
           // output :
           //  0bb2827c5eacf570b6064e24e0e6653b
           // ref :
           //  http://www.apache.org/dist/
           //          tomcat/tomcat-5/v5.5.17/bin
           //              /apache-tomcat-5.5.17.exe.MD5
           //  0bb2827c5eacf570b6064e24e0e6653b *apache-tomcat-5.5.17.exe
       }
       catch (Exception e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
       }
   }
}