以上所有的答案都很糟糕，真的。即使是107个向上的那个!真正的答案在这里:

从Error对象继承- message属性在哪里?

TL; diana:

a .没有设置message的原因是Error是一个函数，它返回一个新的Error对象，并且不以任何方式操作它。

B.正确的方法是从构造函数返回apply的结果，以及以通常复杂的javascript方式设置原型:

function MyError() { var temp = Error.apply(this, arguments); temp.name = this.name = 'MyError'; this.message = temp.message; if(Object.defineProperty) { // getter for more optimizy goodness /*this.stack = */Object.defineProperty(this, 'stack', { get: function() { return temp.stack }, configurable: true // so you can change it if you want }) } else { this.stack = temp.stack } } //inherit prototype using ECMAScript 5 (IE 9+) MyError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype, { constructor: { value: MyError, writable: true, configurable: true } }); var myError = new MyError("message"); console.log("The message is: '" + myError.message + "'"); // The message is: 'message' console.log(myError instanceof Error); // true console.log(myError instanceof MyError); // true console.log(myError.toString()); // MyError: message console.log(myError.stack); // MyError: message \n // <stack trace ...> //for EMCAScript 4 or ealier (IE 8 or ealier), inherit prototype this way instead of above code: /* var IntermediateInheritor = function() {}; IntermediateInheritor.prototype = Error.prototype; MyError.prototype = new IntermediateInheritor(); */

您可能会使用一些技巧来枚举tmp Error的所有不可枚举属性来设置它们，而不是显式地只设置stack和message，但是ie<9不支持这种技巧

根据Joyent的说法，你不应该乱搞堆栈属性(我在这里给出的很多答案中看到了)，因为它会对性能产生负面影响。他们是这么说的:

Stack:一般来说，不要搞砸这个。甚至不要扩大它。V8只在有人实际读取属性时才计算它，这极大地提高了可处理错误的性能。如果读取属性只是为了扩充它，即使调用者不需要堆栈，最终也会付出代价。

我喜欢并想要提到他们的想法，包装原始错误，这是一个很好的替代传递堆栈。

下面是我如何创建一个自定义错误，考虑到上面提到的:

es5版本:

function RError(options) { options = options || {}; // eslint-disable-line no-param-reassign this.name = options.name; this.message = options.message; this.cause = options.cause; // capture stack (this property is supposed to be treated as private) this._err = new Error(); // create an iterable chain this.chain = this.cause ? [this].concat(this.cause.chain) : [this]; } RError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype, { constructor: { value: RError, writable: true, configurable: true } }); Object.defineProperty(RError.prototype, 'stack', { get: function stack() { return this.name + ': ' + this.message + '\n' + this._err.stack.split('\n').slice(2).join('\n'); } }); Object.defineProperty(RError.prototype, 'why', { get: function why() { var _why = this.name + ': ' + this.message; for (var i = 1; i < this.chain.length; i++) { var e = this.chain[i]; _why += ' <- ' + e.name + ': ' + e.message; } return _why; } }); // usage function fail() { throw new RError({ name: 'BAR', message: 'I messed up.' }); } function failFurther() { try { fail(); } catch (err) { throw new RError({ name: 'FOO', message: 'Something went wrong.', cause: err }); } } try { failFurther(); } catch (err) { console.error(err.why); console.error(err.stack); console.error(err.cause.stack); }

es6版本:

class RError extends Error { constructor({name, message, cause}) { super(); this.name = name; this.message = message; this.cause = cause; } [Symbol.iterator]() { let current = this; let done = false; const iterator = { next() { const val = current; if (done) { return { value: val, done: true }; } current = current.cause; if (!val.cause) { done = true; } return { value: val, done: false }; } }; return iterator; } get why() { let _why = ''; for (const e of this) { _why += `${_why.length ? ' <- ' : ''}${e.name}: ${e.message}`; } return _why; } } // usage function fail() { throw new RError({ name: 'BAR', message: 'I messed up.' }); } function failFurther() { try { fail(); } catch (err) { throw new RError({ name: 'FOO', message: 'Something went wrong.', cause: err }); } } try { failFurther(); } catch (err) { console.error(err.why); console.error(err.stack); console.error(err.cause.stack); }

我已经把我的解决方案放到了一个模块中，这里是:https://www.npmjs.com/package/rerror

如果你使用Node/Chrome。下面的代码片段将为您提供满足以下要求的扩展。

err instanceof Error err instanceof CustomErrorType console.log() returns [CustomErrorType] when created with a message console.log() returns [CustomErrorType: message] when created without a message throw/stack provides the information at the point the error was created. Works optimally in Node.JS, and Chrome. Will pass instanceof checks in Chrome, Safari, Firefox and IE 8+, but will not have a valid stack outside of Chrome/Safari. I'm OK with that because I can debug in chrome, but code which requires specific error types will still function cross browser. If you need Node only you can easily remove the if statements and you're good to go.

片段

var CustomErrorType = function(message) {
    if (Object.defineProperty) {
        Object.defineProperty(this, "message", {
            value : message || "",
            enumerable : false
        });
    } else {
        this.message = message;
    }

    if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
        Error.captureStackTrace(this, CustomErrorType);
    }
}

CustomErrorType.prototype = new Error();
CustomErrorType.prototype.name = "CustomErrorType";

使用

var err = new CustomErrorType("foo");

输出

var err = new CustomErrorType("foo");
console.log(err);
console.log(err.stack);

[CustomErrorType: foo]
CustomErrorType: foo
    at Object.<anonymous> (/errorTest.js:27:12)
    at Module._compile (module.js:456:26)
    at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:474:10)
    at Module.load (module.js:356:32)
    at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12)
    at Function.Module.runMain (module.js:497:10)
    at startup (node.js:119:16)
    at node.js:906:3

/errorTest.js:30
        throw err;
              ^
CustomErrorType: foo
    at Object.<anonymous> (/errorTest.js:27:12)
    at Module._compile (module.js:456:26)
    at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:474:10)
    at Module.load (module.js:356:32)
    at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12)
    at Function.Module.runMain (module.js:497:10)
    at startup (node.js:119:16)
    at node.js:906:3

我喜欢这样做:

利用name，使toString()抛出"{code}: {message}" 将相同的东西返回给super，这样在stacktrace中就会显示相同的内容 将代码附加到错误。在代码中检查/解析代码比检查消息(例如，您可能希望本地化消息)更好 将消息附加到错误。message作为error.toString()的替代

class AppException extends Error { constructor(code, message) { const fullMsg = message ? `${code}: ${message}` : code; super(fullMsg); this.name = code; this.code = code; this.message = fullMsg; } toString() { return this.message; } } // Just a code try { throw new AppException('FORBIDDEN'); } catch(e) { console.error(e); console.error(e.toString()); console.log(e.code === 'FORBIDDEN'); } // A code and a message try { throw new AppException('FORBIDDEN', 'You don\'t have access to this page'); } catch(e) { console.error(e); console.error(e.toString()); console.log(e.code === 'FORBIDDEN'); }

以下是Mozilla官方文档中的错误。

function NotImplementedError(message) {
    var instance = new Error(message);
    instance.name = 'NotImplementedError';

    Object.setPrototypeOf(instance, Object.getPrototypeOf(this));
    if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
        Error.captureStackTrace(instance, NotImplementedError);
    }
    return instance;
}

NotImplementedError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype, {
    constructor: {
        value: Error,
        enumerable: false,
        writable: true,
        configurable: true
    }
});

我使用构造函数模式来创建新的错误对象。我定义了原型链，比如Error实例。请参阅MDN错误构造函数参考。

你可以查看这段关于要点的片段。

实现

// Creates user-defined exceptions
var CustomError = (function() {
  'use strict';

  //constructor
  function CustomError() {
    //enforces 'new' instance
    if (!(this instanceof CustomError)) {
      return new CustomError(arguments);
    }
    var error,
      //handles the arguments object when is passed by enforcing a 'new' instance
      args = Array.apply(null, typeof arguments[0] === 'object' ? arguments[0] : arguments),
      message = args.shift() || 'An exception has occurred';

    //builds the message with multiple arguments
    if (~message.indexOf('}')) {
      args.forEach(function(arg, i) {
        message = message.replace(RegExp('\\{' + i + '}', 'g'), arg);
      });
    }

    //gets the exception stack
    error = new Error(message);
    //access to CustomError.prototype.name
    error.name = this.name;

    //set the properties of the instance
    //in order to resemble an Error instance
    Object.defineProperties(this, {
      stack: {
        enumerable: false,
        get: function() { return error.stack; }
      },
      message: {
        enumerable: false,
        value: message
      }
    });
  }

  // Creates the prototype and prevents the direct reference to Error.prototype;
  // Not used new Error() here because an exception would be raised here,
  // but we need to raise the exception when CustomError instance is created.
  CustomError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype, {
    //fixes the link to the constructor (ES5)
    constructor: setDescriptor(CustomError),
    name: setDescriptor('JSU Error')
  });

  function setDescriptor(value) {
    return {
      configurable: false,
      enumerable: false,
      writable: false,
      value: value
    };
  }

  //returns the constructor
  return CustomError;
}());

使用

CustomError构造函数可以接收许多参数来构建消息，例如:

var err1 = new CustomError("The url of file is required"),
    err2 = new CustomError("Invalid Date: {0}", +"date"),
    err3 = new CustomError("The length must be greater than {0}", 4),
    err4 = new CustomError("Properties .{0} and .{1} don't exist", "p1", "p2");

throw err4;

这是自定义错误的样子: