UNION将来自查询的行依次排列，而JOIN生成笛卡尔积并对其进行子集——这是完全不同的操作。UNION的简单例子:

mysql> SELECT 23 AS bah
    -> UNION
    -> SELECT 45 AS bah;
+-----+
| bah |
+-----+
|  23 | 
|  45 | 
+-----+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

类似的JOIN的简单例子:

mysql> SELECT * FROM 
    -> (SELECT 23 AS bah) AS foo 
    -> JOIN 
    -> (SELECT 45 AS bah) AS bar
    -> ON (33=33);
+-----+-----+
| foo | bar |
+-----+-----+
|  23 |  45 | 
+-----+-----+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

记住，union将合并结果(SQL Server)(特性或错误?)

select 1 as id, 3 as value
union
select 1 as id, 3 as value

id,值

1,3

select * from (select 1 as id, 3 as value) t1 inner join (select 1 as id, 3 as value) t2 on t1.id = t2.id

id值,id值

1,3,1,3

UNION将两个或多个查询的结果组合成一个结果集，该结果集包含属于联合中所有查询的所有行。

通过使用join，可以根据表之间的逻辑关系从两个或多个表中检索数据。联接指示SQL应该如何使用一个表中的数据来选择另一个表中的行。

UNION操作不同于使用join来组合两个表中的列。

联盟的例子:

SELECT 1 AS [Column1], 2 AS [Column2]
UNION
SELECT 3 AS [Column1], 4 AS [Column2]

输出:

Column1    Column2
-------------------
1          2
3          4

加入的例子:

SELECT a.Column1, b.Column2 FROM TableA a INNER JOIN TableB b ON a.Id = b.AFKId

这将输出这两个表中条件a.Id = b.AFKId为真的所有行。

UNION操作符只是用于组合两个或多个SELECT语句。

而JOIN用于从每个表中选择行，可以通过内、外、左或右方法。

参考这里和这里。用例子来解释会更好。

联合操作是行垂直聚合的组合结果， Join操作是列的水平聚合的组合结果。

UNION将来自查询的行依次排列，而JOIN生成笛卡尔积并对其进行子集——这是完全不同的操作。UNION的简单例子:

mysql> SELECT 23 AS bah
    -> UNION
    -> SELECT 45 AS bah;
+-----+
| bah |
+-----+
|  23 | 
|  45 | 
+-----+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

类似的JOIN的简单例子:

mysql> SELECT * FROM 
    -> (SELECT 23 AS bah) AS foo 
    -> JOIN 
    -> (SELECT 45 AS bah) AS bar
    -> ON (33=33);
+-----+-----+
| foo | bar |
+-----+-----+
|  23 |  45 | 
+-----+-----+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)