你能给我一个Dockerfile的例子吗?我可以在其中安装所有我需要的软件包。锁定和pyproject。toml到我的镜像/容器从Docker?
当前回答
我看到这里所有的答案都是用pip的方式安装诗词，以避免版本问题。 如果定义为安装最合适的版本，则安装诗歌的官方方法是读取poeetry_version env变量。
在github上有一个问题，我认为这张票的解决方案非常有趣:
# `python-base` sets up all our shared environment variables
FROM python:3.8.1-slim as python-base
# python
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 \
# prevents python creating .pyc files
PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 \
\
# pip
PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=off \
PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=on \
PIP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT=100 \
\
# poetry
# https://python-poetry.org/docs/configuration/#using-environment-variables
POETRY_VERSION=1.0.3 \
# make poetry install to this location
POETRY_HOME="/opt/poetry" \
# make poetry create the virtual environment in the project's root
# it gets named `.venv`
POETRY_VIRTUALENVS_IN_PROJECT=true \
# do not ask any interactive question
POETRY_NO_INTERACTION=1 \
\
# paths
# this is where our requirements + virtual environment will live
PYSETUP_PATH="/opt/pysetup" \
VENV_PATH="/opt/pysetup/.venv"
# prepend poetry and venv to path
ENV PATH="$POETRY_HOME/bin:$VENV_PATH/bin:$PATH"
# `builder-base` stage is used to build deps + create our virtual environment
FROM python-base as builder-base
RUN apt-get update \
&& apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y \
# deps for installing poetry
curl \
# deps for building python deps
build-essential
# install poetry - respects $POETRY_VERSION & $POETRY_HOME
RUN curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sdispater/poetry/master/get-poetry.py | python
# copy project requirement files here to ensure they will be cached.
WORKDIR $PYSETUP_PATH
COPY poetry.lock pyproject.toml ./
# install runtime deps - uses $POETRY_VIRTUALENVS_IN_PROJECT internally
RUN poetry install --no-dev
# `development` image is used during development / testing
FROM python-base as development
ENV FASTAPI_ENV=development
WORKDIR $PYSETUP_PATH
# copy in our built poetry + venv
COPY --from=builder-base $POETRY_HOME $POETRY_HOME
COPY --from=builder-base $PYSETUP_PATH $PYSETUP_PATH
# quicker install as runtime deps are already installed
RUN poetry install
# will become mountpoint of our code
WORKDIR /app
EXPOSE 8000
CMD ["uvicorn", "--reload", "main:app"]
# `production` image used for runtime
FROM python-base as production
ENV FASTAPI_ENV=production
COPY --from=builder-base $PYSETUP_PATH $PYSETUP_PATH
COPY ./app /app/
WORKDIR /app
CMD ["gunicorn", "-k", "uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker", "main:app"]
其他回答
在将诗歌与docker一起使用时，有几件事需要记住。
安装
安装诗歌的官方方式是:
curl -sSL https://install.python-poetry.org | python3 -
这种方式允许诗歌及其依赖从你的依赖中分离出来。但是，在我看来，这不是一件很好的事情，有两个原因:
诗歌版本可能会得到更新，它会破坏你的构建。在这种情况下，您可以指定poeetry_version环境变量。安装程序将尊重它 我不喜欢在没有任何保护措施的情况下，将来自互联网的文件传输到我的容器中
所以，我使用pip安装'poetry==$ poeetry_version '。如您所见，我仍然建议固定您的版本。
另外，把这个版本固定在pyproject中。Toml也是:
[build-system]
# Should be the same as `$POETRY_VERSION`:
requires = ["poetry-core>=1.0.0"]
build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
它将保护您避免本地和docker环境之间的版本不匹配。
缓存的依赖关系
我们想要缓存我们的需求，并且只在pyproject时重新安装它们。汤姆或诗歌。锁定文件更改。否则构建会很慢。为了实现工作缓存层，我们应该放:
COPY poetry.lock pyproject.toml /code/
在安装诗词之后，但在添加任何其他文件之前。
Virtualenv
接下来要记住的是virtualenv创建。我们在docker中不需要它。它已经被孤立了。因此，我们使用诗意配置virtualenvs。创建假设置关闭它。
开发vs生产
如果你像我一样使用相同的Dockerfile进行开发和生产，你将需要根据一些环境变量安装不同的依赖集:
poetry install $(test "$YOUR_ENV" == production && echo "--no-dev")
通过这种方式，$YOUR_ENV将控制将安装哪些依赖集:all(默认)或仅生产带有——no-dev标志。
你可能还想添加一些更好的体验选项:
——无互动不要问任何互动问题 ——no-ansi标志，使您的输出更日志友好
结果
你会得到类似的结果:
FROM python:3.6.6-alpine3.7
ARG YOUR_ENV
ENV YOUR_ENV=${YOUR_ENV} \
PYTHONFAULTHANDLER=1 \
PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 \
PYTHONHASHSEED=random \
PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=off \
PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=on \
PIP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT=100 \
POETRY_VERSION=1.0.0
# System deps:
RUN pip install "poetry==$POETRY_VERSION"
# Copy only requirements to cache them in docker layer
WORKDIR /code
COPY poetry.lock pyproject.toml /code/
# Project initialization:
RUN poetry config virtualenvs.create false \
&& poetry install $(test "$YOUR_ENV" == production && echo "--no-dev") --no-interaction --no-ansi
# Creating folders, and files for a project:
COPY . /code
你可以在这里找到一个真实的例子:weakake -django-template
2019年12月17日更新
将诗歌更新到1.0
2022-11-24更新
更新curl命令使用现代诗歌安装脚本
我看到这里所有的答案都是用pip的方式安装诗词，以避免版本问题。 如果定义为安装最合适的版本，则安装诗歌的官方方法是读取poeetry_version env变量。
在github上有一个问题，我认为这张票的解决方案非常有趣:
# `python-base` sets up all our shared environment variables
FROM python:3.8.1-slim as python-base
# python
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 \
# prevents python creating .pyc files
PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 \
\
# pip
PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=off \
PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=on \
PIP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT=100 \
\
# poetry
# https://python-poetry.org/docs/configuration/#using-environment-variables
POETRY_VERSION=1.0.3 \
# make poetry install to this location
POETRY_HOME="/opt/poetry" \
# make poetry create the virtual environment in the project's root
# it gets named `.venv`
POETRY_VIRTUALENVS_IN_PROJECT=true \
# do not ask any interactive question
POETRY_NO_INTERACTION=1 \
\
# paths
# this is where our requirements + virtual environment will live
PYSETUP_PATH="/opt/pysetup" \
VENV_PATH="/opt/pysetup/.venv"
# prepend poetry and venv to path
ENV PATH="$POETRY_HOME/bin:$VENV_PATH/bin:$PATH"
# `builder-base` stage is used to build deps + create our virtual environment
FROM python-base as builder-base
RUN apt-get update \
&& apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y \
# deps for installing poetry
curl \
# deps for building python deps
build-essential
# install poetry - respects $POETRY_VERSION & $POETRY_HOME
RUN curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sdispater/poetry/master/get-poetry.py | python
# copy project requirement files here to ensure they will be cached.
WORKDIR $PYSETUP_PATH
COPY poetry.lock pyproject.toml ./
# install runtime deps - uses $POETRY_VIRTUALENVS_IN_PROJECT internally
RUN poetry install --no-dev
# `development` image is used during development / testing
FROM python-base as development
ENV FASTAPI_ENV=development
WORKDIR $PYSETUP_PATH
# copy in our built poetry + venv
COPY --from=builder-base $POETRY_HOME $POETRY_HOME
COPY --from=builder-base $PYSETUP_PATH $PYSETUP_PATH
# quicker install as runtime deps are already installed
RUN poetry install
# will become mountpoint of our code
WORKDIR /app
EXPOSE 8000
CMD ["uvicorn", "--reload", "main:app"]
# `production` image used for runtime
FROM python-base as production
ENV FASTAPI_ENV=production
COPY --from=builder-base $PYSETUP_PATH $PYSETUP_PATH
COPY ./app /app/
WORKDIR /app
CMD ["gunicorn", "-k", "uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker", "main:app"]
多阶段Docker构建与诗歌和venv
不要禁用virtualenv创建功能。virtualenv在Docker构建中发挥了作用，因为它们提供了一种优雅的方式来利用多阶段构建。简而言之，构建阶段将所有内容安装到virtualenv中，而最后阶段只是将virtualenv复制到一个小映像中。
在复制代码之前，先使用诗歌导出并安装固定的需求。这将允许您使用Docker构建缓存，并且永远不会因为更改代码中的一行而重新安装依赖项。
不要使用诗意安装来安装代码，因为它将执行可编辑的安装。相反，使用诗歌构建来构建一个轮子，然后将其安装到您的virtualenv中。(感谢PEP 517，这整个过程也可以通过简单的pip install .来执行，但由于构建隔离，您最终将安装另一个Poetry副本。)
下面是一个Dockerfile安装Flask应用到Alpine镜像的例子，它依赖于Postgres。本例使用入口点脚本激活virtualenv。但一般来说，没有入口点脚本也没问题，因为您可以在CMD指令中简单地引用/venv/bin/ Python的Python二进制文件。
Dockerfile
FROM python:3.7.6-alpine3.11 as base
ENV PYTHONFAULTHANDLER=1 \
PYTHONHASHSEED=random \
PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
WORKDIR /app
FROM base as builder
ENV PIP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT=100 \
PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=1 \
PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=1 \
POETRY_VERSION=1.0.5
RUN apk add --no-cache gcc libffi-dev musl-dev postgresql-dev
RUN pip install "poetry==$POETRY_VERSION"
RUN python -m venv /venv
COPY pyproject.toml poetry.lock ./
RUN poetry export -f requirements.txt | /venv/bin/pip install -r /dev/stdin
COPY . .
RUN poetry build && /venv/bin/pip install dist/*.whl
FROM base as final
RUN apk add --no-cache libffi libpq
COPY --from=builder /venv /venv
COPY docker-entrypoint.sh wsgi.py ./
CMD ["./docker-entrypoint.sh"]
docker-entrypoint.sh
#!/bin/sh
set -e
. /venv/bin/activate
while ! flask db upgrade
do
echo "Retry..."
sleep 1
done
exec gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:5000 --forwarded-allow-ips='*' wsgi:app
wsgi.py
import your_app
app = your_app.create_app()
使用docker多阶段构建和python slim image，将诗词锁导出到requirements.txt，然后在virtualenv中通过pip安装。
它有最小的尺寸，不需要诗在运行时的形象，钉的版本一切。
FROM python:3.9.7 as base
ENV PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=1
WORKDIR /app
FROM base as poetry
RUN pip install poetry==1.1.12
COPY poetry.lock pyproject.toml /app/
RUN poetry export -o requirements.txt
FROM base as build
COPY --from=poetry /app/requirements.txt /tmp/requirements.txt
RUN python -m venv .venv && \
.venv/bin/pip install 'wheel==0.36.2' && \
.venv/bin/pip install -r /tmp/requirements.txt
FROM python:3.9.7-slim as runtime
ENV PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=1
WORKDIR /app
ENV PATH=/app/.venv/bin:$PATH
COPY --from=build /app/.venv /app/.venv
COPY . /app
博士TL;
我已经能够使用postgres为Django项目创建诗歌。在做了一些研究后，我最终得到了以下Dockerfile:
FROM python:slim
# Keeps Python from generating .pyc files in the container
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1
# Turns off buffering for easier container logging
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
# Install and setup poetry
RUN pip install -U pip \
&& apt-get update \
&& apt install -y curl netcat \
&& curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python-poetry/poetry/master/get-poetry.py | python -
ENV PATH="${PATH}:/root/.poetry/bin"
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
COPY . .
RUN poetry config virtualenvs.create false \
&& poetry install --no-interaction --no-ansi
# run entrypoint.sh
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/src/app/entrypoint.sh"]
这是entrypoint.sh的内容:
#!/bin/sh
if [ "$DATABASE" = "postgres" ]
then
echo "Waiting for postgres..."
while ! nc -z $SQL_HOST $SQL_PORT; do
sleep 0.1
done
echo "PostgreSQL started"
fi
python manage.py migrate
exec "$@"
详细解释
需要注意以下几点:
I have decide to use slim instead of alpine as tag for the python image because even though alpine images are supposed to reduce the size of Docker images and speed up the build, with Python, you can actually end up with a bit larger image and that takes a while to build (read this article for more info). Using this configuration builds containers faster than using the alpine image because I do not need to add some extra packages to install Python packages properly. I am installing poetry directly from the URL provided in the documentation. I am aware of the warnings provided by sobolevn. However, I consider that it is better in the long term to use the lates version of poetry by default than relying on an environment variable that I should update periodically. Updating the environment variable PATH is crucial. Otherwise, you will get an error saying that poetry was not found. Dependencies are installed directly in the python interpreter of the container. It does not create poetry to create a virtual environment before installing the dependencies.
如果你需要这个Dockerfile的alpine版本:
FROM python:alpine
# Keeps Python from generating .pyc files in the container
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1
# Turns off buffering for easier container logging
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
# Install dev dependencies
RUN apk update \
&& apk add curl postgresql-dev gcc python3-dev musl-dev openssl-dev libffi-dev
# Install poetry
RUN pip install -U pip \
&& curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python-poetry/poetry/master/get-poetry.py | python -
ENV PATH="${PATH}:/root/.poetry/bin"
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
COPY . .
RUN poetry config virtualenvs.create false \
&& poetry install --no-interaction --no-ansi
# run entrypoint.sh
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/src/app/entrypoint.sh"]
注意，alpine版本需要一些依赖关系postgresql-dev gcc python3-dev musl-dev openssl-dev libffi-dev才能正常工作。
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