因为每个来这里的人都遭受着同样的痛苦，我想分享我的解决方法，之前没有人尝试过(在这个问题中)。我可以向您保证，它是工作的，甚至在一个停止的断点上确认这个方法。

问题是调用服务。start前台(id, notification)来自服务本身，对吧?不幸的是，Android框架不保证调用服务。Service.onCreate()中的start前台(id, notification)在5秒内，但无论如何都会抛出异常，所以我想出了这种方法。

Bind the service to a context with a binder from the service before calling Context.startForegroundService() If the bind is successful, call Context.startForegroundService() from the service connection and immediately call Service.startForeground() inside the service connection. IMPORTANT NOTE: Call the Context.bindService() method inside a try-catch because in some occasions the call can throw an exception, in which case you need to rely on calling Context.startForegroundService() directly and hope it will not fail. An example can be a broadcast receiver context, however getting application context does not throw an exception in that case, but using the context directly does.

这甚至可以在我绑定服务后和触发“startForeground”调用之前等待断点时工作。等待3-4秒不会触发异常，而5秒后会抛出异常。(如果设备不能在5秒内执行两行代码，那么就该把它扔进垃圾桶了。)

因此，首先创建一个服务连接。

// Create the service connection.
ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection()
{
    @Override
    public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service)
    {
        // The binder of the service that returns the instance that is created.
        MyService.LocalBinder binder = (MyService.LocalBinder) service;

        // The getter method to acquire the service.
        MyService myService = binder.getService();

        // getServiceIntent(context) returns the relative service intent 
        context.startForegroundService(getServiceIntent(context));

        // This is the key: Without waiting Android Framework to call this method
        // inside Service.onCreate(), immediately call here to post the notification.
        myService.startForeground(myNotificationId, MyService.getNotification());

        // Release the connection to prevent leaks.
        context.unbindService(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onBindingDied(ComponentName name)
    {
        Log.w(TAG, "Binding has dead.");
    }

    @Override
    public void onNullBinding(ComponentName name)
    {
        Log.w(TAG, "Bind was null.");
    }

    @Override
    public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name)
    {
        Log.w(TAG, "Service is disconnected..");
    }
};

在服务内部，创建一个返回服务实例的绑定器。

public class MyService extends Service
{
    public class LocalBinder extends Binder
    {
        public MyService getService()
        {
            return MyService.this;
        }
    }

    // Create the instance on the service.
    private final LocalBinder binder = new LocalBinder();

    // Return this instance from onBind method.
    // You may also return new LocalBinder() which is
    // basically the same thing.
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent)
    {
        return binder;
    }
}

然后，尝试从该上下文中绑定服务。如果成功，它将从您正在使用的服务连接调用serviceconnection . onserviceconnconnected()方法。然后，处理上面所示代码中的逻辑。示例代码如下所示:

// Try to bind the service
try
{
     context.bindService(getServiceIntent(context), connection,
                    Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
catch (RuntimeException ignored)
{
     // This is probably a broadcast receiver context even though we are calling getApplicationContext().
     // Just call startForegroundService instead since we cannot bind a service to a
     // broadcast receiver context. The service also have to call startForeground in
     // this case.
     context.startForegroundService(getServiceIntent(context));
}

它似乎在我开发的应用程序上工作，所以当你尝试时它应该也能工作。

以下是谷歌在Android 8.0上的行为变化:

系统允许应用程序调用Context.startForegroundService()，即使应用程序处于后台。但是，应用程序必须在服务创建后的5秒内调用该服务的startForeground()方法。

解决方案: 在onCreate()中为你使用的服务调用start前台()

请参见:Android 8.0 (Oreo)的后台执行限制

https://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/Context.html startForegroundService (android.content.Intent)

类似于startService(Intent)，但是有一个隐含的承诺 Service将调用start前台(int, android.app.Notification)一次 它开始运行。该服务被赋予了相当的时间 到ANR区间做这个，否则系统会 自动停止服务并声明应用程序ANR。 与普通的startService(Intent)不同，这个方法可以在 任何时候，不管托管服务的应用程序是否在 前景的国家。

一定要打电话给服务处。在onCreate()上的start前台(int, android.app.Notification)，所以你确保它将被调用..如果你有任何条件，可能会阻止你这样做，那么你最好使用正常的Context.startService(意图)并调用服务。start前台(int, android.app.Notification)你自己。

似乎Context.startForegroundService()添加了一个看门狗来确保你调用了服务。start前台(int, android.app.Notification)在它被销毁之前…

现在在Android O，你可以设置后台限制如下

调用服务类的服务

Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(SettingActivity.this,DetectedService.class);
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
    SettingActivity.this.startForegroundService(serviceIntent);
} else {
    startService(serviceIntent);
}

服务类应该是这样的

public class DetectedService extends Service { 
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        return START_STICKY;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        int NOTIFICATION_ID = (int) (System.currentTimeMillis()%10000);
         if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
            startForeground(NOTIFICATION_ID, new Notification.Builder(this).build());
        }


        // Do whatever you want to do here
    }
}

只要在创建Service或IntentService后立即调用start前台方法。是这样的:

import android.app.Notification;
public class AuthenticationService extends Service {

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        startForeground(1,new Notification());
    }
}

请不要在onCreate()方法中调用任何StartForgroundServices，你必须在onStartCommand()中调用StartForground services，否则你将总是得到ANR，所以请不要在onStartCommand()的主线程中编写复杂的登录;

public class Services extends Service {

    private static final String ANDROID_CHANNEL_ID = "com.xxxx.Location.Channel";
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }


    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {

        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
            Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(this, ANDROID_CHANNEL_ID)
                    .setContentTitle(getString(R.string.app_name))
                    .setContentText("SmartTracker Running")
                    .setAutoCancel(true);
            Notification notification = builder.build();
            startForeground(1, notification);
            Log.e("home_button","home button");
        } else {
            NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this)
                    .setContentTitle(getString(R.string.app_name))
                    .setContentText("SmartTracker is Running...")
                    .setPriority(NotificationCompat.PRIORITY_DEFAULT)
                    .setAutoCancel(true);
            Notification notification = builder.build();
            startForeground(1, notification);
            Log.e("home_button_value","home_button_value");

        }
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);

    }
}

编辑:小心!start前台函数不能以0作为第一个参数，它将引发异常!这个例子包含错误的函数调用，将0更改为你自己的const，它不能为0或大于Max(Int32)