使用NLog进行日志记录的最佳或最有用的配置是什么?(只要有用，这些可以简单也可以复杂。)
我正在考虑一些例子，比如自动滚动一定大小的日志文件，无论是否有异常，都会改变布局(日志消息)，一旦发生错误，就会升级日志级别，等等。
以下是一些链接:
NLog演示 源代码中的示例
当前回答
向外部网站/数据库报告
我想要一种简单而自动地报告应用程序错误的方法(因为用户通常不会这样做)。我能想到的最简单的解决方案是一个公共URL——一个可以接受输入并将其存储到数据库的网页——在应用程序出现错误时发送数据。(然后，开发人员或脚本可以检查数据库，以了解是否有新的错误。)
我用PHP编写了网页，并创建了mysql数据库、用户和表来存储数据。我决定使用四个用户变量、一个id和一个时间戳。可能的变量(包括在URL中或作为POST数据)是:
App(应用名称) msg(消息-例如，异常发生…) dev(开发人员，例如Pat) src (source -这将来自与应用程序正在运行的机器相关的变量，例如Environment。MachineName或其他类似的名称) 日志(日志文件或详细消息)
(所有的变量都是可选的，但是如果它们都没有设置，什么都不会报告-所以如果你只是访问网站URL，什么都不会发送到db。)
为了将数据发送到URL，我使用了NLog的WebService目标。(注意，一开始我在这个目标上遇到了一些问题。直到我看了源代码，我才发现我的url不能以/结尾。)
总而言之，对于监控外部应用程序来说，这是个不错的系统。(当然，礼貌的做法是通知您的用户您将报告可能敏感的数据，并给他们一个选择加入/退出的方法。)
MySQL的东西
(db用户在自己的数据库中对这个表只有INSERT权限。)
CREATE TABLE `reports` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`ts` timestamp NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
`applicationName` text,
`message` text,
`developer` text,
`source` text,
`logData` longtext,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='storage place for reports from external applications'
网站代码
(php5.3或5.2启用PDO，文件是index.php在/report文件夹)
<?php
$app = $_REQUEST['app'];
$msg = $_REQUEST['msg'];
$dev = $_REQUEST['dev'];
$src = $_REQUEST['src'];
$log = $_REQUEST['log'];
$dbData =
array( ':app' => $app,
':msg' => $msg,
':dev' => $dev,
':src' => $src,
':log' => $log
);
//print_r($dbData); // For debugging only! This could allow XSS attacks.
if(isEmpty($dbData)) die("No data provided");
try {
$db = new PDO("mysql:host=$host;dbname=reporting", "reporter", $pass, array(
PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => true
));
$s = $db->prepare("INSERT INTO reporting.reports
(
applicationName,
message,
developer,
source,
logData
)
VALUES
(
:app,
:msg,
:dev,
:src,
:log
);"
);
$s->execute($dbData);
print "Added report to database";
} catch (PDOException $e) {
// Sensitive information can be displayed if this exception isn't handled
//print "Error!: " . $e->getMessage() . "<br/>";
die("PDO error");
}
function isEmpty($array = array()) {
foreach ($array as $element) {
if (!empty($element)) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
?>
App代码(NLog配置文件)
<nlog xmlns="http://www.nlog-project.org/schemas/NLog.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
throwExceptions="true" internalLogToConsole="true" internalLogLevel="Warn" internalLogFile="nlog.log">
<variable name="appTitle" value="My External App"/>
<variable name="csvPath" value="${specialfolder:folder=Desktop:file=${appTitle} log.csv}"/>
<variable name="developer" value="Pat"/>
<targets async="true">
<!--The following will keep the default number of log messages in a buffer and write out certain levels if there is an error and other levels if there is not. Messages that appeared before the error (in code) will be included, since they are buffered.-->
<wrapper-target xsi:type="BufferingWrapper" name="smartLog">
<wrapper-target xsi:type="PostFilteringWrapper">
<target xsi:type="File" fileName="${csvPath}"
archiveAboveSize="4194304" concurrentWrites="false" maxArchiveFiles="1" archiveNumbering="Sequence"
>
<layout xsi:type="CsvLayout" delimiter="Comma" withHeader="false">
<column name="time" layout="${longdate}" />
<column name="level" layout="${level:upperCase=true}"/>
<column name="message" layout="${message}" />
<column name="callsite" layout="${callsite:includeSourcePath=true}" />
<column name="stacktrace" layout="${stacktrace:topFrames=10}" />
<column name="exception" layout="${exception:format=ToString}"/>
<!--<column name="logger" layout="${logger}"/>-->
</layout>
</target>
<!--during normal execution only log certain messages-->
<defaultFilter>level >= LogLevel.Warn</defaultFilter>
<!--if there is at least one error, log everything from trace level-->
<when exists="level >= LogLevel.Error" filter="level >= LogLevel.Trace" />
</wrapper-target>
</wrapper-target>
<target xsi:type="WebService" name="web"
url="http://example.com/report"
methodName=""
namespace=""
protocol="HttpPost"
>
<parameter name="app" layout="${appTitle}"/>
<parameter name="msg" layout="${message}"/>
<parameter name="dev" layout="${developer}"/>
<parameter name="src" layout="${environment:variable=UserName} (${windows-identity}) on ${machinename} running os ${environment:variable=OSVersion} with CLR v${environment:variable=Version}"/>
<parameter name="log" layout="${file-contents:fileName=${csvPath}}"/>
</target>
</targets>
<rules>
<logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="smartLog"/>
<logger name="*" minlevel="Error" writeTo="web"/>
</rules>
</nlog>
注意:日志文件的大小可能会有一些问题，但我还没有想出一个简单的方法来截断它(例如la *nix的tail命令)。
其他回答
通过XML配置NLog，但以编程方式配置
What? Did you know that you can specify the NLog XML directly to NLog from your app, as opposed to having NLog read it from the config file? Well, you can. Let's say that you have a distributed app and you want to use the same configuration everywhere. You could keep a config file in each location and maintain it separately, you could maintain one in a central location and push it out to the satellite locations, or you could probably do a lot of other things. Or, you could store your XML in a database, get it at app startup, and configure NLog directly with that XML (maybe checking back periodically to see if it had changed).
string xml = @"<nlog>
<targets>
<target name='console' type='Console' layout='${message}' />
</targets>
<rules>
<logger name='*' minlevel='Error' writeTo='console' />
</rules>
</nlog>";
StringReader sr = new StringReader(xml);
XmlReader xr = XmlReader.Create(sr);
XmlLoggingConfiguration config = new XmlLoggingConfiguration(xr, null);
LogManager.Configuration = config;
//NLog is now configured just as if the XML above had been in NLog.config or app.config
logger.Trace("Hello - Trace"); //Won't log
logger.Debug("Hello - Debug"); //Won't log
logger.Info("Hello - Info"); //Won't log
logger.Warn("Hello - Warn"); //Won't log
logger.Error("Hello - Error"); //Will log
logger.Fatal("Hello - Fatal"); //Will log
//Now let's change the config (the root logging level) ...
string xml2 = @"<nlog>
<targets>
<target name='console' type='Console' layout='${message}' />
</targets>
<rules>
<logger name='*' minlevel='Trace' writeTo='console' />
</rules>
</nlog>";
StringReader sr2 = new StringReader(xml2);
XmlReader xr2 = XmlReader.Create(sr2);
XmlLoggingConfiguration config2 = new XmlLoggingConfiguration(xr2, null);
LogManager.Configuration = config2;
logger.Trace("Hello - Trace"); //Will log
logger.Debug("Hello - Debug"); //Will log
logger.Info("Hello - Info"); //Will log
logger.Warn("Hello - Warn"); //Will log
logger.Error("Hello - Error"); //Will log
logger.Fatal("Hello - Fatal"); //Will log
我不确定这有多健壮，但是这个例子为那些想尝试这样配置的人提供了一个有用的起点。
向外部网站/数据库报告
我想要一种简单而自动地报告应用程序错误的方法(因为用户通常不会这样做)。我能想到的最简单的解决方案是一个公共URL——一个可以接受输入并将其存储到数据库的网页——在应用程序出现错误时发送数据。(然后，开发人员或脚本可以检查数据库，以了解是否有新的错误。)
我用PHP编写了网页，并创建了mysql数据库、用户和表来存储数据。我决定使用四个用户变量、一个id和一个时间戳。可能的变量(包括在URL中或作为POST数据)是:
App(应用名称) msg(消息-例如，异常发生…) dev(开发人员，例如Pat) src (source -这将来自与应用程序正在运行的机器相关的变量，例如Environment。MachineName或其他类似的名称) 日志(日志文件或详细消息)
(所有的变量都是可选的，但是如果它们都没有设置，什么都不会报告-所以如果你只是访问网站URL，什么都不会发送到db。)
为了将数据发送到URL，我使用了NLog的WebService目标。(注意，一开始我在这个目标上遇到了一些问题。直到我看了源代码，我才发现我的url不能以/结尾。)
总而言之，对于监控外部应用程序来说，这是个不错的系统。(当然，礼貌的做法是通知您的用户您将报告可能敏感的数据，并给他们一个选择加入/退出的方法。)
MySQL的东西
(db用户在自己的数据库中对这个表只有INSERT权限。)
CREATE TABLE `reports` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`ts` timestamp NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
`applicationName` text,
`message` text,
`developer` text,
`source` text,
`logData` longtext,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='storage place for reports from external applications'
网站代码
(php5.3或5.2启用PDO，文件是index.php在/report文件夹)
<?php
$app = $_REQUEST['app'];
$msg = $_REQUEST['msg'];
$dev = $_REQUEST['dev'];
$src = $_REQUEST['src'];
$log = $_REQUEST['log'];
$dbData =
array( ':app' => $app,
':msg' => $msg,
':dev' => $dev,
':src' => $src,
':log' => $log
);
//print_r($dbData); // For debugging only! This could allow XSS attacks.
if(isEmpty($dbData)) die("No data provided");
try {
$db = new PDO("mysql:host=$host;dbname=reporting", "reporter", $pass, array(
PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => true
));
$s = $db->prepare("INSERT INTO reporting.reports
(
applicationName,
message,
developer,
source,
logData
)
VALUES
(
:app,
:msg,
:dev,
:src,
:log
);"
);
$s->execute($dbData);
print "Added report to database";
} catch (PDOException $e) {
// Sensitive information can be displayed if this exception isn't handled
//print "Error!: " . $e->getMessage() . "<br/>";
die("PDO error");
}
function isEmpty($array = array()) {
foreach ($array as $element) {
if (!empty($element)) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
?>
App代码(NLog配置文件)
<nlog xmlns="http://www.nlog-project.org/schemas/NLog.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
throwExceptions="true" internalLogToConsole="true" internalLogLevel="Warn" internalLogFile="nlog.log">
<variable name="appTitle" value="My External App"/>
<variable name="csvPath" value="${specialfolder:folder=Desktop:file=${appTitle} log.csv}"/>
<variable name="developer" value="Pat"/>
<targets async="true">
<!--The following will keep the default number of log messages in a buffer and write out certain levels if there is an error and other levels if there is not. Messages that appeared before the error (in code) will be included, since they are buffered.-->
<wrapper-target xsi:type="BufferingWrapper" name="smartLog">
<wrapper-target xsi:type="PostFilteringWrapper">
<target xsi:type="File" fileName="${csvPath}"
archiveAboveSize="4194304" concurrentWrites="false" maxArchiveFiles="1" archiveNumbering="Sequence"
>
<layout xsi:type="CsvLayout" delimiter="Comma" withHeader="false">
<column name="time" layout="${longdate}" />
<column name="level" layout="${level:upperCase=true}"/>
<column name="message" layout="${message}" />
<column name="callsite" layout="${callsite:includeSourcePath=true}" />
<column name="stacktrace" layout="${stacktrace:topFrames=10}" />
<column name="exception" layout="${exception:format=ToString}"/>
<!--<column name="logger" layout="${logger}"/>-->
</layout>
</target>
<!--during normal execution only log certain messages-->
<defaultFilter>level >= LogLevel.Warn</defaultFilter>
<!--if there is at least one error, log everything from trace level-->
<when exists="level >= LogLevel.Error" filter="level >= LogLevel.Trace" />
</wrapper-target>
</wrapper-target>
<target xsi:type="WebService" name="web"
url="http://example.com/report"
methodName=""
namespace=""
protocol="HttpPost"
>
<parameter name="app" layout="${appTitle}"/>
<parameter name="msg" layout="${message}"/>
<parameter name="dev" layout="${developer}"/>
<parameter name="src" layout="${environment:variable=UserName} (${windows-identity}) on ${machinename} running os ${environment:variable=OSVersion} with CLR v${environment:variable=Version}"/>
<parameter name="log" layout="${file-contents:fileName=${csvPath}}"/>
</target>
</targets>
<rules>
<logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="smartLog"/>
<logger name="*" minlevel="Error" writeTo="web"/>
</rules>
</nlog>
注意:日志文件的大小可能会有一些问题，但我还没有想出一个简单的方法来截断它(例如la *nix的tail命令)。
区别对待异常
当出现异常时，我们通常希望获得更多信息。下面的配置有两个目标，一个文件和控制台，它们根据是否有任何异常信息进行筛选。(编辑:Jarek已经在vNext中发布了一种新方法。)
关键是要有一个包装器目标xsi:type="FilteringWrapper" condition="length('${exception}')>0"
<nlog xmlns="http://www.nlog-project.org/schemas/NLog.mono2.xsd"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
autoReload="true"
internalLogLevel="Warn"
internalLogFile="nlog log.log"
>
<variable name="VerboseLayout"
value="${longdate} ${level:upperCase=true} ${message}
(${callsite:includSourcePath=true})" />
<variable name="ExceptionVerboseLayout"
value="${VerboseLayout} (${stacktrace:topFrames=10})
${exception:format=ToString}" />
<targets async="true">
<target name="file" xsi:type="File" fileName="log.log"
layout="${VerboseLayout}">
</target>
<target name="fileAsException"
xsi:type="FilteringWrapper"
condition="length('${exception}')>0">
<target xsi:type="File"
fileName="log.log"
layout="${ExceptionVerboseLayout}" />
</target>
<target xsi:type="ColoredConsole"
name="console"
layout="${NormalLayout}"/>
<target xsi:type="FilteringWrapper"
condition="length('${exception}')>0"
name="consoleException">
<target xsi:type="ColoredConsole"
layout="${ExceptionVerboseLayout}" />
</target>
</targets>
<rules>
<logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="console,consoleException" />
<logger name="*" minlevel="Warn" writeTo="file,fileAsException" />
</rules>
</nlog>
来自Silverlight的日志
当使用NLog和Silverlight一起使用时，你可以通过提供的web服务将跟踪发送到服务器端。你也可以写入隔离存储中的本地文件，如果web服务器不可用，这就派上用场了。请看这里的细节，也就是说，用一些类似的东西来让自己成为一个目标:
namespace NLogTargets
{
[Target("IsolatedStorageTarget")]
public sealed class IsolatedStorageTarget : TargetWithLayout
{
IsolatedStorageFile _storageFile = null;
string _fileName = "Nlog.log"; // Default. Configurable through the 'filename' attribute in nlog.config
public IsolatedStorageTarget()
{
}
~IsolatedStorageTarget()
{
if (_storageFile != null)
{
_storageFile.Dispose();
_storageFile = null;
}
}
public string filename
{
set
{
_fileName = value;
}
get
{
return _fileName;
}
}
protected override void Write(LogEventInfo logEvent)
{
try
{
writeToIsolatedStorage(this.Layout.Render(logEvent));
}
catch (Exception e)
{
// Not much to do about his....
}
}
public void writeToIsolatedStorage(string msg)
{
if (_storageFile == null)
_storageFile = IsolatedStorageFile.GetUserStoreForApplication();
using (IsolatedStorageFile isolatedStorage = IsolatedStorageFile.GetUserStoreForApplication())
{
// The isolated storage is limited in size. So, when approaching the limit
// simply purge the log file. (Yeah yeah, the file should be circular, I know...)
if (_storageFile.AvailableFreeSpace < msg.Length * 100)
{
using (IsolatedStorageFileStream stream = new IsolatedStorageFileStream(_fileName, FileMode.Truncate, FileAccess.Write, isolatedStorage))
{ }
}
// Write to isolated storage
using (IsolatedStorageFileStream stream = new IsolatedStorageFileStream(_fileName, FileMode.Append, FileAccess.Write, isolatedStorage))
{
using (TextWriter writer = new StreamWriter(stream))
{
writer.WriteLine(msg);
}
}
}
}
}
}
显然，你现在可以在Windows上使用NLog和Growl了。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<nlog xmlns="http://www.nlog-project.org/schemas/NLog.xsd"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<extensions>
<add assembly="NLog.Targets.GrowlNotify" />
</extensions>
<targets>
<target name="growl" type="GrowlNotify" password="" host="" port="" />
</targets>
<rules>
<logger name="*" minLevel="Trace" appendTo="growl"/>
</rules>
</nlog>
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