使用NLog进行日志记录的最佳或最有用的配置是什么?(只要有用，这些可以简单也可以复杂。)
我正在考虑一些例子，比如自动滚动一定大小的日志文件，无论是否有异常，都会改变布局(日志消息)，一旦发生错误，就会升级日志级别，等等。
以下是一些链接:
NLog演示 源代码中的示例
当前回答
通过XML配置NLog，但以编程方式配置
What? Did you know that you can specify the NLog XML directly to NLog from your app, as opposed to having NLog read it from the config file? Well, you can. Let's say that you have a distributed app and you want to use the same configuration everywhere. You could keep a config file in each location and maintain it separately, you could maintain one in a central location and push it out to the satellite locations, or you could probably do a lot of other things. Or, you could store your XML in a database, get it at app startup, and configure NLog directly with that XML (maybe checking back periodically to see if it had changed).
string xml = @"<nlog>
<targets>
<target name='console' type='Console' layout='${message}' />
</targets>
<rules>
<logger name='*' minlevel='Error' writeTo='console' />
</rules>
</nlog>";
StringReader sr = new StringReader(xml);
XmlReader xr = XmlReader.Create(sr);
XmlLoggingConfiguration config = new XmlLoggingConfiguration(xr, null);
LogManager.Configuration = config;
//NLog is now configured just as if the XML above had been in NLog.config or app.config
logger.Trace("Hello - Trace"); //Won't log
logger.Debug("Hello - Debug"); //Won't log
logger.Info("Hello - Info"); //Won't log
logger.Warn("Hello - Warn"); //Won't log
logger.Error("Hello - Error"); //Will log
logger.Fatal("Hello - Fatal"); //Will log
//Now let's change the config (the root logging level) ...
string xml2 = @"<nlog>
<targets>
<target name='console' type='Console' layout='${message}' />
</targets>
<rules>
<logger name='*' minlevel='Trace' writeTo='console' />
</rules>
</nlog>";
StringReader sr2 = new StringReader(xml2);
XmlReader xr2 = XmlReader.Create(sr2);
XmlLoggingConfiguration config2 = new XmlLoggingConfiguration(xr2, null);
LogManager.Configuration = config2;
logger.Trace("Hello - Trace"); //Will log
logger.Debug("Hello - Debug"); //Will log
logger.Info("Hello - Info"); //Will log
logger.Warn("Hello - Warn"); //Will log
logger.Error("Hello - Error"); //Will log
logger.Fatal("Hello - Fatal"); //Will log
我不确定这有多健壮，但是这个例子为那些想尝试这样配置的人提供了一个有用的起点。
其他回答
通过XML配置NLog，但以编程方式配置
What? Did you know that you can specify the NLog XML directly to NLog from your app, as opposed to having NLog read it from the config file? Well, you can. Let's say that you have a distributed app and you want to use the same configuration everywhere. You could keep a config file in each location and maintain it separately, you could maintain one in a central location and push it out to the satellite locations, or you could probably do a lot of other things. Or, you could store your XML in a database, get it at app startup, and configure NLog directly with that XML (maybe checking back periodically to see if it had changed).
string xml = @"<nlog>
<targets>
<target name='console' type='Console' layout='${message}' />
</targets>
<rules>
<logger name='*' minlevel='Error' writeTo='console' />
</rules>
</nlog>";
StringReader sr = new StringReader(xml);
XmlReader xr = XmlReader.Create(sr);
XmlLoggingConfiguration config = new XmlLoggingConfiguration(xr, null);
LogManager.Configuration = config;
//NLog is now configured just as if the XML above had been in NLog.config or app.config
logger.Trace("Hello - Trace"); //Won't log
logger.Debug("Hello - Debug"); //Won't log
logger.Info("Hello - Info"); //Won't log
logger.Warn("Hello - Warn"); //Won't log
logger.Error("Hello - Error"); //Will log
logger.Fatal("Hello - Fatal"); //Will log
//Now let's change the config (the root logging level) ...
string xml2 = @"<nlog>
<targets>
<target name='console' type='Console' layout='${message}' />
</targets>
<rules>
<logger name='*' minlevel='Trace' writeTo='console' />
</rules>
</nlog>";
StringReader sr2 = new StringReader(xml2);
XmlReader xr2 = XmlReader.Create(sr2);
XmlLoggingConfiguration config2 = new XmlLoggingConfiguration(xr2, null);
LogManager.Configuration = config2;
logger.Trace("Hello - Trace"); //Will log
logger.Debug("Hello - Debug"); //Will log
logger.Info("Hello - Info"); //Will log
logger.Warn("Hello - Warn"); //Will log
logger.Error("Hello - Error"); //Will log
logger.Fatal("Hello - Fatal"); //Will log
我不确定这有多健壮，但是这个例子为那些想尝试这样配置的人提供了一个有用的起点。
区别对待异常
当出现异常时，我们通常希望获得更多信息。下面的配置有两个目标，一个文件和控制台，它们根据是否有任何异常信息进行筛选。(编辑:Jarek已经在vNext中发布了一种新方法。)
关键是要有一个包装器目标xsi:type="FilteringWrapper" condition="length('${exception}')>0"
<nlog xmlns="http://www.nlog-project.org/schemas/NLog.mono2.xsd"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
autoReload="true"
internalLogLevel="Warn"
internalLogFile="nlog log.log"
>
<variable name="VerboseLayout"
value="${longdate} ${level:upperCase=true} ${message}
(${callsite:includSourcePath=true})" />
<variable name="ExceptionVerboseLayout"
value="${VerboseLayout} (${stacktrace:topFrames=10})
${exception:format=ToString}" />
<targets async="true">
<target name="file" xsi:type="File" fileName="log.log"
layout="${VerboseLayout}">
</target>
<target name="fileAsException"
xsi:type="FilteringWrapper"
condition="length('${exception}')>0">
<target xsi:type="File"
fileName="log.log"
layout="${ExceptionVerboseLayout}" />
</target>
<target xsi:type="ColoredConsole"
name="console"
layout="${NormalLayout}"/>
<target xsi:type="FilteringWrapper"
condition="length('${exception}')>0"
name="consoleException">
<target xsi:type="ColoredConsole"
layout="${ExceptionVerboseLayout}" />
</target>
</targets>
<rules>
<logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="console,consoleException" />
<logger name="*" minlevel="Warn" writeTo="file,fileAsException" />
</rules>
</nlog>
显然，你现在可以在Windows上使用NLog和Growl了。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<nlog xmlns="http://www.nlog-project.org/schemas/NLog.xsd"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<extensions>
<add assembly="NLog.Targets.GrowlNotify" />
</extensions>
<targets>
<target name="growl" type="GrowlNotify" password="" host="" port="" />
</targets>
<rules>
<logger name="*" minLevel="Trace" appendTo="growl"/>
</rules>
</nlog>
来自Silverlight的日志
当使用NLog和Silverlight一起使用时，你可以通过提供的web服务将跟踪发送到服务器端。你也可以写入隔离存储中的本地文件，如果web服务器不可用，这就派上用场了。请看这里的细节，也就是说，用一些类似的东西来让自己成为一个目标:
namespace NLogTargets
{
[Target("IsolatedStorageTarget")]
public sealed class IsolatedStorageTarget : TargetWithLayout
{
IsolatedStorageFile _storageFile = null;
string _fileName = "Nlog.log"; // Default. Configurable through the 'filename' attribute in nlog.config
public IsolatedStorageTarget()
{
}
~IsolatedStorageTarget()
{
if (_storageFile != null)
{
_storageFile.Dispose();
_storageFile = null;
}
}
public string filename
{
set
{
_fileName = value;
}
get
{
return _fileName;
}
}
protected override void Write(LogEventInfo logEvent)
{
try
{
writeToIsolatedStorage(this.Layout.Render(logEvent));
}
catch (Exception e)
{
// Not much to do about his....
}
}
public void writeToIsolatedStorage(string msg)
{
if (_storageFile == null)
_storageFile = IsolatedStorageFile.GetUserStoreForApplication();
using (IsolatedStorageFile isolatedStorage = IsolatedStorageFile.GetUserStoreForApplication())
{
// The isolated storage is limited in size. So, when approaching the limit
// simply purge the log file. (Yeah yeah, the file should be circular, I know...)
if (_storageFile.AvailableFreeSpace < msg.Length * 100)
{
using (IsolatedStorageFileStream stream = new IsolatedStorageFileStream(_fileName, FileMode.Truncate, FileAccess.Write, isolatedStorage))
{ }
}
// Write to isolated storage
using (IsolatedStorageFileStream stream = new IsolatedStorageFileStream(_fileName, FileMode.Append, FileAccess.Write, isolatedStorage))
{
using (TextWriter writer = new StreamWriter(stream))
{
writer.WriteLine(msg);
}
}
}
}
}
}
对于这个问题，我给出了几个相当有趣的答案:
日志文件的生成头部分
添加标题:
问题想知道如何向日志文件添加头文件。使用这样的配置条目允许您将头部格式与其余日志条目的格式分开定义。在应用程序开始时使用一个单独的日志记录器，可能称为“headerlogger”来记录单个消息，你就会得到你的头:
定义头文件和文件布局:
<variable name="HeaderLayout" value="This is the header. Start time = ${longdate} Machine = ${machinename} Product version = ${gdc:item=version}"/>
<variable name="FileLayout" value="${longdate} | ${logger} | ${level} | ${message}" />
使用布局定义目标:
<target name="fileHeader" xsi:type="File" fileName="xxx.log" layout="${HeaderLayout}" />
<target name="file" xsi:type="File" fileName="xxx.log" layout="${InfoLayout}" />
定义记录器:
<rules>
<logger name="headerlogger" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="fileHeader" final="true" />
<logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="file" />
</rules>
写头文件，可能在程序的早期:
GlobalDiagnosticsContext.Set("version", "01.00.00.25");
LogManager.GetLogger("headerlogger").Info("It doesn't matter what this is because the header format does not include the message, although it could");
这在很大程度上只是“区别对待异常”思想的另一个版本。
用不同的布局记录每个日志级别
类似地，发布者想知道如何在每个日志级别更改格式。我不清楚最终目标是什么(以及是否可以以一种“更好”的方式实现)，但我能够提供一个符合他要求的配置:
<variable name="TraceLayout" value="This is a TRACE - ${longdate} | ${logger} | ${level} | ${message}"/>
<variable name="DebugLayout" value="This is a DEBUG - ${longdate} | ${logger} | ${level} | ${message}"/>
<variable name="InfoLayout" value="This is an INFO - ${longdate} | ${logger} | ${level} | ${message}"/>
<variable name="WarnLayout" value="This is a WARN - ${longdate} | ${logger} | ${level} | ${message}"/>
<variable name="ErrorLayout" value="This is an ERROR - ${longdate} | ${logger} | ${level} | ${message}"/>
<variable name="FatalLayout" value="This is a FATAL - ${longdate} | ${logger} | ${level} | ${message}"/>
<targets>
<target name="fileAsTrace" xsi:type="FilteringWrapper" condition="level==LogLevel.Trace">
<target xsi:type="File" fileName="xxx.log" layout="${TraceLayout}" />
</target>
<target name="fileAsDebug" xsi:type="FilteringWrapper" condition="level==LogLevel.Debug">
<target xsi:type="File" fileName="xxx.log" layout="${DebugLayout}" />
</target>
<target name="fileAsInfo" xsi:type="FilteringWrapper" condition="level==LogLevel.Info">
<target xsi:type="File" fileName="xxx.log" layout="${InfoLayout}" />
</target>
<target name="fileAsWarn" xsi:type="FilteringWrapper" condition="level==LogLevel.Warn">
<target xsi:type="File" fileName="xxx.log" layout="${WarnLayout}" />
</target>
<target name="fileAsError" xsi:type="FilteringWrapper" condition="level==LogLevel.Error">
<target xsi:type="File" fileName="xxx.log" layout="${ErrorLayout}" />
</target>
<target name="fileAsFatal" xsi:type="FilteringWrapper" condition="level==LogLevel.Fatal">
<target xsi:type="File" fileName="xxx.log" layout="${FatalLayout}" />
</target>
</targets>
<rules>
<logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="fileAsTrace,fileAsDebug,fileAsInfo,fileAsWarn,fileAsError,fileAsFatal" />
<logger name="*" minlevel="Info" writeTo="dbg" />
</rules>
同样，与区别对待异常非常相似。
