使用NLog进行日志记录的最佳或最有用的配置是什么?(只要有用，这些可以简单也可以复杂。)
我正在考虑一些例子，比如自动滚动一定大小的日志文件，无论是否有异常，都会改变布局(日志消息)，一旦发生错误，就会升级日志级别，等等。
以下是一些链接:
NLog演示 源代码中的示例
当前回答
通过XML配置NLog，但以编程方式配置
What? Did you know that you can specify the NLog XML directly to NLog from your app, as opposed to having NLog read it from the config file? Well, you can. Let's say that you have a distributed app and you want to use the same configuration everywhere. You could keep a config file in each location and maintain it separately, you could maintain one in a central location and push it out to the satellite locations, or you could probably do a lot of other things. Or, you could store your XML in a database, get it at app startup, and configure NLog directly with that XML (maybe checking back periodically to see if it had changed).
string xml = @"<nlog>
<targets>
<target name='console' type='Console' layout='${message}' />
</targets>
<rules>
<logger name='*' minlevel='Error' writeTo='console' />
</rules>
</nlog>";
StringReader sr = new StringReader(xml);
XmlReader xr = XmlReader.Create(sr);
XmlLoggingConfiguration config = new XmlLoggingConfiguration(xr, null);
LogManager.Configuration = config;
//NLog is now configured just as if the XML above had been in NLog.config or app.config
logger.Trace("Hello - Trace"); //Won't log
logger.Debug("Hello - Debug"); //Won't log
logger.Info("Hello - Info"); //Won't log
logger.Warn("Hello - Warn"); //Won't log
logger.Error("Hello - Error"); //Will log
logger.Fatal("Hello - Fatal"); //Will log
//Now let's change the config (the root logging level) ...
string xml2 = @"<nlog>
<targets>
<target name='console' type='Console' layout='${message}' />
</targets>
<rules>
<logger name='*' minlevel='Trace' writeTo='console' />
</rules>
</nlog>";
StringReader sr2 = new StringReader(xml2);
XmlReader xr2 = XmlReader.Create(sr2);
XmlLoggingConfiguration config2 = new XmlLoggingConfiguration(xr2, null);
LogManager.Configuration = config2;
logger.Trace("Hello - Trace"); //Will log
logger.Debug("Hello - Debug"); //Will log
logger.Info("Hello - Info"); //Will log
logger.Warn("Hello - Warn"); //Will log
logger.Error("Hello - Error"); //Will log
logger.Fatal("Hello - Fatal"); //Will log
我不确定这有多健壮，但是这个例子为那些想尝试这样配置的人提供了一个有用的起点。
其他回答
通过XML配置NLog，但以编程方式配置
What? Did you know that you can specify the NLog XML directly to NLog from your app, as opposed to having NLog read it from the config file? Well, you can. Let's say that you have a distributed app and you want to use the same configuration everywhere. You could keep a config file in each location and maintain it separately, you could maintain one in a central location and push it out to the satellite locations, or you could probably do a lot of other things. Or, you could store your XML in a database, get it at app startup, and configure NLog directly with that XML (maybe checking back periodically to see if it had changed).
string xml = @"<nlog>
<targets>
<target name='console' type='Console' layout='${message}' />
</targets>
<rules>
<logger name='*' minlevel='Error' writeTo='console' />
</rules>
</nlog>";
StringReader sr = new StringReader(xml);
XmlReader xr = XmlReader.Create(sr);
XmlLoggingConfiguration config = new XmlLoggingConfiguration(xr, null);
LogManager.Configuration = config;
//NLog is now configured just as if the XML above had been in NLog.config or app.config
logger.Trace("Hello - Trace"); //Won't log
logger.Debug("Hello - Debug"); //Won't log
logger.Info("Hello - Info"); //Won't log
logger.Warn("Hello - Warn"); //Won't log
logger.Error("Hello - Error"); //Will log
logger.Fatal("Hello - Fatal"); //Will log
//Now let's change the config (the root logging level) ...
string xml2 = @"<nlog>
<targets>
<target name='console' type='Console' layout='${message}' />
</targets>
<rules>
<logger name='*' minlevel='Trace' writeTo='console' />
</rules>
</nlog>";
StringReader sr2 = new StringReader(xml2);
XmlReader xr2 = XmlReader.Create(sr2);
XmlLoggingConfiguration config2 = new XmlLoggingConfiguration(xr2, null);
LogManager.Configuration = config2;
logger.Trace("Hello - Trace"); //Will log
logger.Debug("Hello - Debug"); //Will log
logger.Info("Hello - Info"); //Will log
logger.Warn("Hello - Warn"); //Will log
logger.Error("Hello - Error"); //Will log
logger.Fatal("Hello - Fatal"); //Will log
我不确定这有多健壮，但是这个例子为那些想尝试这样配置的人提供了一个有用的起点。
使用条件布局用不同的布局记录每个日志级别的更简单方法
<variable name="VerboseLayout" value="${level:uppercase=true}: ${longdate} | ${logger} :
${when:when=level == LogLevel.Trace:inner=MONITOR_TRACE ${message}}
${when:when=level == LogLevel.Debug:inner=MONITOR_DEBUG ${message}}
${when:when=level == LogLevel.Info:inner=MONITOR_INFO ${message}}
${when:when=level == LogLevel.Warn:inner=MONITOR_WARN ${message}}
${when:when=level == LogLevel.Error:inner=MONITOR_ERROR ${message}}
${when:when=level == LogLevel.Fatal:inner=MONITOR_CRITICAL ${message}} |
${exception:format=tostring} | ${newline} ${newline}" />
参见https://github.com/NLog/NLog/wiki/When-Filter查看语法
来自Silverlight的日志
当使用NLog和Silverlight一起使用时，你可以通过提供的web服务将跟踪发送到服务器端。你也可以写入隔离存储中的本地文件，如果web服务器不可用，这就派上用场了。请看这里的细节，也就是说，用一些类似的东西来让自己成为一个目标:
namespace NLogTargets
{
[Target("IsolatedStorageTarget")]
public sealed class IsolatedStorageTarget : TargetWithLayout
{
IsolatedStorageFile _storageFile = null;
string _fileName = "Nlog.log"; // Default. Configurable through the 'filename' attribute in nlog.config
public IsolatedStorageTarget()
{
}
~IsolatedStorageTarget()
{
if (_storageFile != null)
{
_storageFile.Dispose();
_storageFile = null;
}
}
public string filename
{
set
{
_fileName = value;
}
get
{
return _fileName;
}
}
protected override void Write(LogEventInfo logEvent)
{
try
{
writeToIsolatedStorage(this.Layout.Render(logEvent));
}
catch (Exception e)
{
// Not much to do about his....
}
}
public void writeToIsolatedStorage(string msg)
{
if (_storageFile == null)
_storageFile = IsolatedStorageFile.GetUserStoreForApplication();
using (IsolatedStorageFile isolatedStorage = IsolatedStorageFile.GetUserStoreForApplication())
{
// The isolated storage is limited in size. So, when approaching the limit
// simply purge the log file. (Yeah yeah, the file should be circular, I know...)
if (_storageFile.AvailableFreeSpace < msg.Length * 100)
{
using (IsolatedStorageFileStream stream = new IsolatedStorageFileStream(_fileName, FileMode.Truncate, FileAccess.Write, isolatedStorage))
{ }
}
// Write to isolated storage
using (IsolatedStorageFileStream stream = new IsolatedStorageFileStream(_fileName, FileMode.Append, FileAccess.Write, isolatedStorage))
{
using (TextWriter writer = new StreamWriter(stream))
{
writer.WriteLine(msg);
}
}
}
}
}
}
根据是否有错误记录不同的级别
此示例允许您在代码中出现错误时获取更多信息。基本上，它缓冲消息，只输出那些在一定的日志级别(例如警告)，除非满足一定的条件(例如，有一个错误，所以日志级别是>=错误)，然后它将输出更多的信息(例如，所有来自日志级别>= Trace的消息)。因为消息是缓冲的，这让您可以收集关于在Error或ErrorException被记录之前发生了什么的跟踪信息——非常有用!
I adapted this one from an example in the source code. I was thrown at first because I left out the AspNetBufferingWrapper (since mine isn't an ASP app) - it turns out that the PostFilteringWrapper requires some buffered target. Note that the target-ref element used in the above-linked example cannot be used in NLog 1.0 (I am using 1.0 Refresh for a .NET 4.0 app); it is necessary to put your target inside the wrapper block. Also note that the logic syntax (i.e. greater-than or less-than symbols, < and >) has to use the symbols, not the XML escapes for those symbols (i.e. > and <) or else NLog will error.
app.config:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<configuration>
<configSections>
<section name="nlog" type="NLog.Config.ConfigSectionHandler, NLog"/>
</configSections>
<nlog xmlns="http://www.nlog-project.org/schemas/NLog.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
throwExceptions="true" internalLogToConsole="true" internalLogLevel="Warn" internalLogFile="nlog.log">
<variable name="appTitle" value="My app"/>
<variable name="csvPath" value="${specialfolder:folder=Desktop:file=${appTitle} log.csv}"/>
<targets async="true">
<!--The following will keep the default number of log messages in a buffer and write out certain levels if there is an error and other levels if there is not. Messages that appeared before the error (in code) will be included, since they are buffered.-->
<wrapper-target xsi:type="BufferingWrapper" name="smartLog">
<wrapper-target xsi:type="PostFilteringWrapper">
<!--<target-ref name="fileAsCsv"/>-->
<target xsi:type="File" fileName="${csvPath}"
archiveAboveSize="4194304" concurrentWrites="false" maxArchiveFiles="1" archiveNumbering="Sequence"
>
<layout xsi:type="CsvLayout" delimiter="Tab" withHeader="false">
<column name="time" layout="${longdate}" />
<column name="level" layout="${level:upperCase=true}"/>
<column name="message" layout="${message}" />
<column name="callsite" layout="${callsite:includeSourcePath=true}" />
<column name="stacktrace" layout="${stacktrace:topFrames=10}" />
<column name="exception" layout="${exception:format=ToString}"/>
<!--<column name="logger" layout="${logger}"/>-->
</layout>
</target>
<!--during normal execution only log certain messages-->
<defaultFilter>level >= LogLevel.Warn</defaultFilter>
<!--if there is at least one error, log everything from trace level-->
<when exists="level >= LogLevel.Error" filter="level >= LogLevel.Trace" />
</wrapper-target>
</wrapper-target>
</targets>
<rules>
<logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="smartLog"/>
</rules>
</nlog>
</configuration>
显然，你现在可以在Windows上使用NLog和Growl了。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<nlog xmlns="http://www.nlog-project.org/schemas/NLog.xsd"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<extensions>
<add assembly="NLog.Targets.GrowlNotify" />
</extensions>
<targets>
<target name="growl" type="GrowlNotify" password="" host="" port="" />
</targets>
<rules>
<logger name="*" minLevel="Trace" appendTo="growl"/>
</rules>
</nlog>
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