前面的答案实际上都不正确，因为当存在重复值时，它们不遵循语义。

对于查询，例如（来自此副本）：

SELECT * FROM t1 FULL OUTER JOIN t2 ON t1.Name = t2.Name;

正确的等效值为：

SELECT t1.*, t2.*
FROM (SELECT name FROM t1 UNION  -- This is intentionally UNION to remove duplicates
      SELECT name FROM t2
     ) n LEFT JOIN
     t1
     ON t1.name = n.name LEFT JOIN
     t2
     ON t2.name = n.name;

如果需要使用NULL值（这可能也是必要的），则使用NULL安全比较运算符<=>而不是=。

这也是可能的，但您必须在select中提到相同的字段名。

SELECT t1.name, t2.name FROM t1
LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.id = t2.id
UNION
SELECT t1.name, t2.name FROM t2
LEFT JOIN t1 ON t1.id = t2.id

我修复了响应，工作包括所有行（基于Pavle Lekic的响应）：

    (
    SELECT a.* FROM tablea a
    LEFT JOIN tableb b ON a.`key` = b.key
    WHERE b.`key` is null
    )
    UNION ALL
    (
    SELECT a.* FROM tablea a
    LEFT JOIN tableb b ON a.`key` = b.key
    where  a.`key` = b.`key`
    )
    UNION ALL
    (
    SELECT b.* FROM tablea a
    right JOIN tableb b ON b.`key` = a.key
    WHERE a.`key` is null
    );

您可以只转换一个完整的外部联接，例如。

SELECT fields
FROM firsttable
FULL OUTER JOIN secondtable ON joincondition

进入：

SELECT fields
FROM firsttable
LEFT JOIN secondtable ON joincondition
UNION ALL
SELECT fields (replacing any fields from firsttable with NULL)
FROM secondtable
WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM firsttable WHERE joincondition)

或者，如果firsttable中至少有一列（比如foo）不为NULL，则可以执行以下操作：

SELECT fields
FROM firsttable
LEFT JOIN secondtable ON joincondition
UNION ALL
SELECT fields
FROM firsttable
RIGHT JOIN secondtable ON joincondition
WHERE firsttable.foo IS NULL

SELECT
    a.name,
    b.title
FROM
    author AS a
LEFT JOIN
    book AS b
    ON a.id = b.author_id
UNION
SELECT
    a.name,
    b.title
FROM
    author AS a
RIGHT JOIN
    book AS b
    ON a.id = b.author_id

在SQLite中，您应该执行以下操作：

SELECT * 
FROM leftTable lt 
LEFT JOIN rightTable rt ON lt.id = rt.lrid 
UNION
SELECT lt.*, rl.*  -- To match column set
FROM rightTable rt 
LEFT JOIN  leftTable lt ON lt.id = rt.lrid