在XML文档中必须转义哪些字符,或者在哪里可以找到这样的列表?


当前回答

公认的答案不正确。最好是使用一个库来转义xml。

正如在另一个问题中提到的

基本上,控制字符和超出Unicode范围的字符是不允许的。这也意味着,例如,调用字符实体是禁止的。”

如果你只转义这五个字符。您可能会遇到这样的问题:发现了一个无效的XML字符(Unicode: 0xc)

其他回答

根据万维网联盟(w3C)的规范,有5个字符不能以文字形式出现在XML文档中,除非用作标记分隔符或在注释、处理指令或CDATA部分中使用。在所有其他情况下,这些字符必须使用对应的实体或根据下表的数字引用替换:

Original CharacterXML entity replacementXML numeric replacement <                              &lt;                                    &#60;                                     >                              &gt;                                   &#62;                                     "                               &quot;                               &#34;                                     &                              &amp;                               &#38;                                     '                               &apos;                               &#39;                                    

注意,前面提到的实体也可以在HTML中使用,除了&apos;,它是在XHTML 1.0中引入的,在HTML 4中没有声明。因此,为了确保向后兼容性,XHTML规范建议使用&#39;代替。

如果要处理字符数据而不是标记,则只有<和&需要转义:

2.4字符数据和标记

对于标签和属性,转义字符是不同的。

标签:

 < &lt;
 > &gt; (only for compatibility, read below)
 & &amp;

属性:

" &quot;
' &apos;

从字符数据和标记:

The ampersand character (&) and the left angle bracket (<) must not appear in their literal form, except when used as markup delimiters, or within a comment, a processing instruction, or a CDATA section. If they are needed elsewhere, they must be escaped using either numeric character references or the strings " &amp; " and " &lt; " respectively. The right angle bracket (>) may be represented using the string " &gt; ", and must, for compatibility, be escaped using either " &gt; " or a character reference when it appears in the string " ]]> " in content, when that string is not marking the end of a CDATA section. To allow attribute values to contain both single and double quotes, the apostrophe or single-quote character (') may be represented as " &apos; ", and the double-quote character (") as " &quot; ".

摘自:XML,转义

有五个预定义的实体:

&lt; represents "<"
&gt; represents ">"
&amp; represents "&"
&apos; represents '
&quot; represents "

所有允许的Unicode字符都可以用数字字符引用表示。例如:

&#20013;

大多数控制字符和其他Unicode范围被明确排除,这意味着(我认为)它们不能出现转义或直接:

XML中的有效字符

除了常见的五个字符[<,>,&,"和']之外,我还将转义垂直制表符(0x0B)。它是有效的UTF-8,但不是有效的XML 1.0,甚至许多库(包括高度可移植的(ANSI C)库libxml2)都会遗漏它,并无声地输出无效的XML。