在Java中是否有标准的Java库类来表示树?

具体来说,我需要表示以下内容:

任意节点上的子树可以有任意数量的子树 每个节点(根节点之后)及其子节点都有字符串值 我需要得到一个给定节点的所有子(某种类型的列表或字符串数组),它的字符串值(即。一个方法,将一个节点作为输入,并返回子节点的所有字符串值作为输出)

是否有任何可用的结构,或者我需要创建我自己的(如果是这样,实施建议将是伟大的)。


当前回答

简单的例子:

public class ArbrePlaner {

public static void main(String[] args) {
    ArbrePlaner ll = new ArbrePlaner();
    
    ll.add(1,"A");
    ll.add(2,"B");
    ll.add(1,"C");
    ll.add(3,"D");
    ll.add(1,"Z");
    
    for(int i = 0; i < ll.size; i++){
    //  System.out.println(ll.isIdExist(i));
        System.out.println("-----------------");
        System.out.println(ll.getIdAt(i)+" :");
        linkedList lst = ll.getListDataById(ll.getIdAt(i));
        for(int j = 0; j < lst.size; j++){
            System.out.println(lst.getElementAt(j));
        }
    }
    
    
    
    
}

private int size;
private Noeud root;

public Noeud add(long Id, Object data){
    if(isIdExist(Id)){
        Noeud nd = getNoeudId(Id);
        nd.add(data);
        return nd;
    }else{
        Noeud nd = new Noeud(Id, data, this.root);
        this.root = nd;
        this.size++;
        return nd;
    }
}
 
 public Object getDataById(long Id, int x){
        Noeud thisNode = this.root;
        while(thisNode!=null){
            if(thisNode.getId() == Id){
                return thisNode.getLl().getElementAt(x);
            }
            thisNode = thisNode.getNextNoeud();
        }
        return null;
    }
 
 public long getIdAt(int x){
        if(size >= x){
            Noeud nd = this.root;
            for(int i = 0; i<x; i++)try {nd = nd.getNextNoeud();} catch (Exception e) {return -1;}
            return nd.getId();
        }
            return -1;
    }
 
 public linkedList getListDataById(long Id){
        Noeud thisNode = this.root;
        while(thisNode!=null){
            if(thisNode.getId() == Id){
                return thisNode.getLl();
            }
            thisNode = thisNode.getNextNoeud();
        }
        return null;
    }
 
public boolean deleteById(long id){
    Noeud thisNode = this.root;
    Noeud prevNode = null;
    
    while(thisNode != null){
        if(thisNode.getId() == id){
            prevNode.setNextNoeud(thisNode.getNextNoeud());
            this.setSize(this.getSize()-1);
            return true;
        }
        prevNode = thisNode;
        thisNode = thisNode.getNextNoeud();
    }
    return false;
}

 public boolean isIdExist(long Id){
        Noeud thisNode = this.root;
        while(thisNode!=null){
            if(thisNode.getId()== Id){
                return true;
            }
            thisNode = thisNode.getNextNoeud();
        }
        return false;
    }

 public boolean isDataExist(long Id, Object data){
     if(isIdExist(Id)){
         Noeud thisNode = this.root;
            while(thisNode!=null){
                if(thisNode.getId() == Id){
                    linkedList ll = thisNode.getLl();
                    long x = ll.hashCode();
                    long y = data.hashCode();
                    if(x==y) return true;
                }
                thisNode = thisNode.getNextNoeud();
            }
     }
     return false;
 }
 
 public Noeud getNoeudId(long Id){
        Noeud thisNode = this.root;
        while(thisNode!=null){
            if(thisNode.getId() == Id){
                return thisNode;
            }
            thisNode = thisNode.getNextNoeud();
        }
        return null;
    }

public ArbrePlaner() {
    this.root = root;
}

public ArbrePlaner(Noeud root) {
    this.root = root;
}

public ArbrePlaner(int size, Noeud root) {
    this.size = size;
    this.root = root;
}

public int getSize() {
    return size;
}

public void setSize(int size) {
    this.size = size;
}

public Noeud getRoot() {
    return root;
}

public void setRoot(Noeud root) {
    this.root = root;
}

private class Noeud{
    private long id;
    private Noeud nextNoeud;
    private linkedList Ll;
    
    public void add(Object data){
        Ll.add(data);
    }
    
    public Noeud(long id, Object data ,Noeud nextNoeud){
        this.id = id;
        this.nextNoeud = nextNoeud;
        Ll = new linkedList();
        Ll.add(data);
    }
    
    public long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    
    public Noeud(Object data){
        Ll.add(data);
    }
            
    public void setId(long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public Noeud getNextNoeud() {
        return nextNoeud;
    }
    public void setNextNoeud(Noeud nextNoeud) {
        this.nextNoeud = nextNoeud;
    }
    public linkedList getLl() {
        return Ll;
    }
    public void setLl(linkedList ll) {
        Ll = ll;
    }
}
}

其他回答

我写了一个处理通用树的小库。它比秋千轻多了。我也有一个专门的项目。

首先应该定义什么是树(对于域),最好先定义接口。并不是所有的树结构都是可修改的,能够添加和删除节点应该是一个可选的功能,所以我们为此做了一个额外的接口。

没有必要创建保存值的节点对象,事实上,我认为这是大多数树实现中的主要设计缺陷和开销。如果查看Swing, TreeModel没有节点类(只有DefaultTreeModel使用TreeNode),因为实际上并不需要它们。

public interface Tree <N extends Serializable> extends Serializable {
    List<N> getRoots ();
    N getParent (N node);
    List<N> getChildren (N node);
}

可变树结构(允许添加和删除节点):

public interface MutableTree <N extends Serializable> extends Tree<N> {
    boolean add (N parent, N node);
    boolean remove (N node, boolean cascade);
}

有了这些接口,使用树的代码就不必太关心树是如何实现的。这允许您使用通用实现和专用实现,在专用实现中,通过将函数委托给另一个API来实现树。

例如:文件树结构

public class FileTree implements Tree<File> {

    @Override
    public List<File> getRoots() {
        return Arrays.stream(File.listRoots()).collect(Collectors.toList());
    }

    @Override
    public File getParent(File node) {
        return node.getParentFile();
    }

    @Override
    public List<File> getChildren(File node) {
        if (node.isDirectory()) {
            File[] children = node.listFiles();
            if (children != null) {
                return Arrays.stream(children).collect(Collectors.toList());
            }
        }
        return Collections.emptyList();
    }
}

示例:通用树结构(基于父/子关系):

public class MappedTreeStructure<N extends Serializable> implements MutableTree<N> {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        MutableTree<String> tree = new MappedTreeStructure<>();
        tree.add("A", "B");
        tree.add("A", "C");
        tree.add("C", "D");
        tree.add("E", "A");
        System.out.println(tree);
    }

    private final Map<N, N> nodeParent = new HashMap<>();
    private final LinkedHashSet<N> nodeList = new LinkedHashSet<>();

    private void checkNotNull(N node, String parameterName) {
        if (node == null)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(parameterName + " must not be null");
    }

    @Override
    public boolean add(N parent, N node) {
        checkNotNull(parent, "parent");
        checkNotNull(node, "node");

        // check for cycles
        N current = parent;
        do {
            if (node.equals(current)) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(" node must not be the same or an ancestor of the parent");
            }
        } while ((current = getParent(current)) != null);

        boolean added = nodeList.add(node);
        nodeList.add(parent);
        nodeParent.put(node, parent);
        return added;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean remove(N node, boolean cascade) {
        checkNotNull(node, "node");

        if (!nodeList.contains(node)) {
            return false;
        }
        if (cascade) {
            for (N child : getChildren(node)) {
                remove(child, true);
            }
        } else {
            for (N child : getChildren(node)) {
                nodeParent.remove(child);
            }
        }
        nodeList.remove(node);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public List<N> getRoots() {
        return getChildren(null);
    }

    @Override
    public N getParent(N node) {
        checkNotNull(node, "node");
        return nodeParent.get(node);
    }

    @Override
    public List<N> getChildren(N node) {
        List<N> children = new LinkedList<>();
        for (N n : nodeList) {
            N parent = nodeParent.get(n);
            if (node == null && parent == null) {
                children.add(n);
            } else if (node != null && parent != null && parent.equals(node)) {
                children.add(n);
            }
        }
        return children;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
        dumpNodeStructure(builder, null, "- ");
        return builder.toString();
    }

    private void dumpNodeStructure(StringBuilder builder, N node, String prefix) {
        if (node != null) {
            builder.append(prefix);
            builder.append(node.toString());
            builder.append('\n');
            prefix = "  " + prefix;
        }
        for (N child : getChildren(node)) {
            dumpNodeStructure(builder, child, prefix);
        }
    }
}

您可以使用Apache JMeter中包含的HashTree类,它是Jakarta项目的一部分。

HashTree类包含在包org.apache.jorphan.collections中。虽然这个包没有在JMeter项目之外发布,但你可以很容易地获得它:

1)下载JMeter源代码。

2)创建一个新包。

3)复制到/src/jorphan/org/apache/jorphan/collections/。除了Data.java之外的所有文件

4)复制/src/jorphan/ org/apache/jorphan/uti/jorphanutils .java

5) HashTree可以使用了。

由于问题要求可用的数据结构,树可以由列表或数组构造:

Object[] tree = new Object[2];
tree[0] = "Hello";
{
  Object[] subtree = new Object[2];
  subtree[0] = "Goodbye";
  subtree[1] = "";
  tree[1] = subtree;
}

Instanceof可用于确定元素是子树还是终端节点。


import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
import java.util.function.Function;

/**
 * @author changjin wei(魏昌进)
 * @since 2021/7/15
 */
public class TreeUtils {

    private TreeUtils() {
    }

    /**
     * @param collection this is a collection of elements
     * @param getId this is a getId Function
     * @param getParentId this is a getParentId Function
     * @param setNode this is a setNode BiConsumer
     * @param <E> the type of elements in this collection
     * @param <R> the type of the result of the function
     *
     * @return Collection
     */
    public static <E, R> Collection<E> tree(Collection<E> collection, Function<E, R> getId, Function<E, R> getParentId, BiConsumer<E, Collection<E>> setNode) {
        Collection<E> root = new LinkedList<>();
        for (E node : collection) {
            R parentId = getParentId.apply(node);
            R id = getId.apply(node);
            Collection<E> elements = new LinkedList<>();
            boolean isParent = true;
            for (E element : collection) {
                if (id.equals(getParentId.apply(element))) {
                    elements.add(element);
                }
                if (isParent && getId.apply(element).equals(parentId)) {
                    isParent = false;
                }
            }
            if (isParent) {
                root.add(node);
            }
            setNode.accept(node, elements);
        }
        return root;
    }
}