MyClass[] array;
List<MyClass> list;

当一个比另一个更可取的情况是什么?,为什么?


当前回答

它们可能不受欢迎,但我是游戏项目中的数组的粉丝。 -迭代速度在某些情况下是很重要的,如果你对每个元素不做太多操作,数组上的foreach的开销就会大大减少 -添加和删除helper函数并不难 -速度比较慢,但如果你只建了一次,那就无所谓了 -在大多数情况下,更少的额外内存被浪费(只有数组结构才真正重要) -稍微少一点垃圾和指针和指针追逐

话虽如此,在实践中,我使用列表的次数远多于数组,但它们都有各自的位置。

如果List是内置类型,那么他们就可以优化包装器和枚举开销。

其他回答

它完全取决于需要数据结构的上下文。例如,如果您正在创建供其他函数或服务使用的项,则使用List是完成该任务的最佳方式。

现在,如果你有一个项目列表,你只是想在网页上显示它们,数组是你需要使用的容器。

如果我确切地知道我需要多少元素,比如我需要5个元素,而且只需要5个元素,那么我就使用数组。否则我只使用List<T>。

Another situation not yet mentioned is when one will have a large number of items, each of which consists of a fixed bunch of related-but-independent variables stuck together (e.g. the coordinates of a point, or the vertices of a 3d triangle). An array of exposed-field structures will allow the its elements to be efficiently modified "in place"--something which is not possible with any other collection type. Because an array of structures holds its elements consecutively in RAM, sequential accesses to array elements can be very fast. In situations where code will need to make many sequential passes through an array, an array of structures may outperform an array or other collection of class object references by a factor of 2:1; further, the ability to update elements in place may allow an array of structures to outperform any other kind of collection of structures.

Although arrays are not resizable, it is not difficult to have code store an array reference along with the number of elements that are in use, and replace the array with a larger one as required. Alternatively, one could easily write code for a type which behaved much like a List<T> but exposed its backing store, thus allowing one to say either MyPoints.Add(nextPoint); or MyPoints.Items[23].X += 5;. Note that the latter would not necessarily throw an exception if code tried to access beyond the end of the list, but usage would otherwise be conceptually quite similar to List<T>.

除非你真的关心性能,我的意思是,“你为什么使用。net而不是c++ ?”你应该坚持使用List<>。它更容易维护,并为您在幕后完成调整数组大小的所有繁琐工作。(如果有必要,List<>在选择数组大小方面非常聪明,所以通常不需要这样做。)

数组Vs.列表是典型的可维护性Vs.性能问题。几乎所有开发人员都遵循的经验法则是,您应该兼顾两者,但当两者发生冲突时,请选择可维护性而不是性能。该规则的例外情况是当性能已经被证明是一个问题时。如果你把这个原则应用到数组Vs.列表中,你会得到这样的结果:

使用强类型列表,直到遇到性能问题。如果遇到性能问题,请决定是否使用数组对解决方案的性能更有利,而不是在维护方面对解决方案造成损害。